阴山北麓草原生态功能区防风固沙服务受益范围识别

风蚀是北方干旱与半干旱农牧交错带面临的严峻问题。论文以阴山北麓草原生态功能区为例,利用HYSPLIT模型模拟了当地生态系统提供的防风固沙服务流动路径,通过空间插值获得了功能区防风固沙服务的受益范围及其获得效益的相对大小,确定了受益范围内的土地覆被、受益人口及GDP。研究结果显示：1）2010年阴山北麓草原生态功能区的防风固沙服务大部分发生在春季,其流动路径主要往功能区东部和东南部区域延伸;2）防风固沙受益土地面积占全国土地面积的46%,主要位于功能区东部和南部地区;3）功能区受益的人口占当年全国总人口的75%,受益GDP占当年全国GDP总量的67%。未来可以根据受益区获得防风固沙效益的相对大小确定受益区不同区域横向生态付费金额,以补偿当地采取防风固沙措施导致的经济损失和投入,实现地区间公平,促进区域可持续发展。

Identifying the Benefit Areas of Wind Erosion Prevention in the Key Ecological Function Area of Grassland at the Northern Foot of Yinshan Mountain

Wind erosion is a serious environmental problem in the arid and semi-arid agriculture and animal husbandry ecotone in the north. In this study, we used the Hybrid Single-Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory (HYSPLIT) model to simulate dust trajectories when wind speeds are equal to or greater than the threshold for dust transport (5.7 m/s), assuming no vegetation cover in the key ecological function area of grassland at the northern foot of Yinshan Mountain. These simulated trajectories represented the flow paths prevented from the wind erosion by the ecosystems within the northern foot of Yinshan Mountain. The service benefit areas were determined by interpolating these trajectories. The frequency with which the trajectories passed through each grid was taken as a proxy for the benefit associated with the wind erosion prevention realized by people in the grid. We also determined the benefits associated with land cover, population and GDP in the service benefit areas. The results show that: 1) Most of the wind erosion prevention in the grassland ecological function area in 2010 occurred in spring, and the flow path mainly extends to the eastern and southeastern areas. 2) The benefit areas were estimated to cover 46% of the total area of China, mainly located in the eastern and southern areas of the function area. 3) The benefit population and GDP accounted for 75% of the total population of China and 67% of the total GDP of China in 2010. Based on this research, we extracted a quantitative relationship between the key ecological function area and the service benefit areas and identified the actual beneficiaries. This work may provide support in terms of scientific knowledge that can be used by decision makers to develop strategies, such as ecological compensation in order to mitigate sandstorms in the study area.