基于潜在分类模型的湿地生态系统服务公众生态偏好异质性研究

在生态系统服务价值评估研究中,把握公众的生态偏好是当前研究的重要内容。论文以三江平原湿地为研究对象,应用选择实验法获取公众的生态偏好和支付意愿,构建潜在分类模型,探究公众对湿地各项生态系统服务的偏好异质性。研究结果显示：公众对各项湿地生态系统服务存在显著的偏好异质性,资源偏好型的受访者所占比例最大（68.78%）,景观偏好型的受访者对自然景观的支付意愿显著较高,而价格敏感型受访者的支付意愿明显低于其他两类。分析各潜在类别可知,公众的社会经济特征及环境意识对其偏好具有显著影响。教育水平越高的受访者越偏好于资源保护,高收入和到景区旅游次数多的受访者更偏好于景观保护,而价格敏感型受访者的环境意识相对较低。研究不仅为湿地生态系统服务偏好异质性的研究提供新途径,也为相关环境政策的制定提供参考。

Public Preference Heterogeneity for Wetland Ecosystem Services Based on a Latent Class Model

Recently, preference heterogeneity of the public has become an important indicator in the studies of ecosystem services valuation. This paper aims to assist policymakers in formulating efficient and sustainable management policies of wetland by investigating the public preferences for ecosystem services of Sanjiang Plain Wetland. A choice experiment (CE) is employed to elicit the ecological preferences and willingness to pay of the public, and a latent class model (LCM) is established to investigate heterogeneity of public preferences for wetland ecosystem services. The results reveal the heterogeneities in public preferences for diverse wetland ecosystem services in Sanjiang Plain Wetland. Respondents who prefer protecting resources account for the majority of the total population (68.78%), respondents who prefer protecting landscape are willing to pay more for the nature landscape, and price sensitive respondents have obvious lower willingness to pay than the other two groups of people. Through analysis of the latent classes, it is observed that the socio-economic and environmental awareness of the public has a significant effect on their preferences. Respondents with higher education prefer resource conservation, while respondents with higher incomes and those who have travelled more times to Sanjiang Plain Wetland prefer landscape protection. Also, the environmental awareness of the price-sensitive respondents is relatively low. This research offers a new approach to study public preferences for wetland ecosystem services, and the results provide a reference for relevant environmental policy formulation.