基于投入产出分析的碳足迹研究进展

随着全球变暖日益加剧,气候变化已成为人类社会面临的重大挑战。碳足迹旨在测度人类活动导致的温室气体排放水平,为世界各国制定环境与能源政策提供了强有力的技术支撑,受到学界、企业和公众的广泛关注。碳足迹核算方法主要包括清单因子法、生命周期评价和投入产出分析。论文首先阐述了这3种核算方法的基本原理,在此基础上回顾了单区域和多区域投入产出模型的发展历程,重点就投入产出分析在国际贸易、产业、消费者、区域和组织等尺度碳足迹研究中的应用进行了综述,并采用SWOT分析框架探讨了该方法面临的机遇与挑战,最后展望了其在混合核算方法、多尺度多区域投入产出模型和情景分析等方面的发展前景。

Review of Carbon Footprint Research Based on Input-Output Analysis

With the intensification of global warming, climate change has been a serious challenge for human society. Carbon footprint is an up-to-date tool for measuring direct and indirect greenhouse gas emissions associated with human activities. With the aim of supporting environmental and energy policy making, carbon footprint has attracted considerable attention from academia, enterprises and the public. Main methods of carbon footprint accounting include the method based on emission inventory and factors, life cycle assessment (LCA), and input-output analysis (IOA). This paper starts with an introduction to the fundamentals of the three methods and then presents a systematic review of the development of IOA methods, such as single-regional input-output (SRIO) and multi-regional input-output (MRIO) models, with a focus on its applications in carbon footprint studies at scales of international trades, industries, consumers, regions, organizations, etc. The paper also explores the opportunities and challenges of input-output-based carbon footprint in a SWOT analysis framework, and finally outlines the possible development of hybrid methods, multi-scale multi-regional input-output (MSMRIO) models and scenario analysis for carbon footprint research.