中国国家公园建设潜在区域识别研究

国家公园是保护具有国家代表性资源的自然生态区域,建设国家公园体制是中国国土生态安全保障和生态文明体制改革的重要内容。论文基于国际经验、国家公园功能和政策内涵,依据国家公园主导定位和生态系统服务理念,构建了包含6个关键指标的综合评价模型,包括生态系统完整性、生态重要性、原真性、生物多样性、自然景观价值与人文遗产价值,分别进行单一要素层评价和多指标空间叠加分析,再结合中国生态地理区划、生态功能区划和省级行政区管理等因素进行比对和范围遴选提取,初步确定了中国国家公园建设的潜在区域。结果表明,生态系统完整性、生态重要性、生物多样性、原真性的高值集聚区域具有趋同性,生态系统完整性较好的区域,承担着重要的生态功能,生物多样性也较高,原真性保存较好。中国三大阶梯与自然地理区域的叠加分布特征明显,东西部潜在区域的面积差异较大,西部地区的空间连续性较强,潜在区域的跨界性较为明显。初步遴选出55处未来可以重点考虑建设的陆地型国家公园潜在区域。研究可为中国国家公园建设合理布局提供方法参考和理论借鉴。

Research on Identification of Potential Regions of National Parks in China

National park is a natural ecological region with national representative resources, and the construction of national park system is an important part of China’s land ecological security and ecological civilization system reform. According to the dominant position of national park and the concept of ecosystem service, this paper build the comprehensive evaluation model containing six key indicators including ecological system integrity, ecological importance, authenticityty, biodiversity, natural landscape value and cultural heritage value, based on international experience, national park function and connotation of policy of national park. Single element layer analysis and multi-index superposition analysis were implemented, and then combined with China’s ecological geographic area, ecological function regionalization and provincial-level administrative region, selecting factors are extracted and the potential construction areas of national parks are identified. Results show that, the high ecosystem integrity areas of China distribute obviously in large natural geographical units, including mountainous areas, forests, lakes, grasslands and other ecosystem areas. The authenticity in eastern and central regions, especially coastal areas, plains and urbanization areas, is relatively low. The species diversity in Hengduanshan, Qinling, and Xishuangbanna ecological areas is high. There are spatial concentrations of high natural landscape and cultural heritage value areas, mainly in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River and along the Heihe-Tengchong Line. Those areas with high values of the ecological system integrity, ecological importance, biological diversity and ecosystem authenticity have strong characteristics of convergence. Areas with good ecosystem integrity often bear important ecological functions, have high biodiversity and are well preserved. The natural geographical areas are obviously superposed on China’s three big ladders. The potential higher score regions in east and west area are of great difference in area that potential regions in the west are more continuous in space and often cross administrative boundaries. In this paper, we select 55 potential areas in total for national park construction in the future. This study can provide a methodological and theoretical reference for the reasonable layout of national park construction in China.