Industrial symbiosis and waste recovery in an Indian industrial area |
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| Institution: | 1. Center for Industrial Ecology, School of Forestry and Environmental Studies, Yale University, 195, Prospect Street, New Haven, CT 06511, USA;2. Resource Optimization Initiative, Bangalore, India;1. Faculty of Economics and Social Sciences, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg 69115, Germany;2. Institute for Eco-Industrial Analyses, IUWA, Heidelberg 69121, Germany;3. School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China;4. Institute of Geography, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg 69120, Germany;5. Institute of Environmental Sciences, CML, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 2, 2333 CC Leiden, The Netherlands;6. Center for Social and Environmental System Research, National Institute for Environmental Studies (NIES), 16-2 Onogawa, Tsukuba-City, Ibaraki 305-8506, Japan;7. School of Economics, Xinjiang University of Finance and Economics, Urumqi 830012, China;1. School of Economics, Peking University, Haidian District, 5 Yi HeYuan AV., Beijing 100871, PR China;2. Center for National Resource Economy Studies, Beijing, PR China;3. Center for Social and Environmental Systems Research, National Institute for Environmental Studies (NIES), 16-2 Onogawa, Tsukuba-City, Ibaraki 305-8506, Japan;4. Department of Technology and Innovation, University of Southern Denmark, NielsBohrsAllé 1, 5230 Odense M, Denmark;1. Department of Industrial Engineering and Business Information Systems, Faculty of Behavioural, Management, and Social Sciences, University of Twente, Drienerlolaan, 5, 7522, NB, Enschede, The Netherlands;2. Vispo Srl., Via Turritana, 78, 07100, Sassari, Italy;3. DMMM, Politecnico di Bari, Viale Japigia 182, 70126, Bari, Italy |
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| Abstract: | Recovery, reuse and recycling of industrial residuals, often dismissed as wastes, are common in India and other industrializing countries largely due to lower associated costs. Some wastes are reused within the facility where they are generated, others are reused directly by nearby industrial facilities, and some are recycled via the formal and informal recycling markets. Direct inter-firm reuse is the cornerstone of the phenomenon termed industrial symbiosis, where firms cooperate in the exchange of material and energy resources. This study applies material flow analysis to an economically diverse industrial area in South India to characterize the recovery, reuse and recycling of industrial residuals. It quantifies the generation of waste materials from 42 companies as well as the materials that are directly traded across facilities and those that are recycled or disposed. This study encompasses a business cluster in Mysore in the State of Karnataka, and is the first in India to thoroughly quantify material flows to identify existing symbiotic connections in an industrial area. Examined industries in this industrial area generate 897,210 metric tons of waste residuals annually, and recovered 99.5% of these, 81% with reused by the companies that generated them, with one company, a sugar refinery, processing most of this amount. Geographic data show that operations within 20 km of the industrial area receive over 90% of residuals exiting facility gates. Two-thirds of this amount goes directly to other economic actors for reuse. This study makes key contributions to the literature in distinguishing how particular types of materials are reused in different ways, the geographic extent of symbiotic activities and the important role of the informal sector in industrial waste management in industrializing regions. |
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