中国水灾风险综合管理--平衡大都市区水灾致灾强度与脆弱性

中国大都市区主要分布在大江大河的中下游地区,由于区域土地利用格局的巨大变化,特别是较多的水域和湿地因城市化而被占据,因此,一方面大都市区面临严重的洪水危险,另一方面为了使大都市区尽可能减轻洪水灾害,而加强了防洪能力的建设.然而,近50年的减灾实践证明,洪水灾害却在波动中趋于上升,即大都市区对洪水的脆弱性在增大.在对中国大都市区洪水灾害的区域分析基础上,以广东省为例,构造了综合水灾致灾因子和承灾体为一体的风险评估模型体系,以此提出了平衡大都市区水灾致灾强度与脆弱性的基本土地利用模式,和"政府-企业(社区)-保险公司"相结合的企业风险管理模式.

Integrated risk management of flood disaster in China:To balance flood disaster magnitude and vulnerability in metropolitan regions

Metropolitan regions of China are mainly located in the middle and lower reaches of major rivers, and a number of water areas and wetlands are occupied by cities due to the great changes of land use. So, they face very serious danger of flood and it is urgent to improve the flood prevention level to reduce the flood disaster in metropolises of China. However, the practices of disaster reduction during recent 5 decades in China show that flood disaster is increasing with fluctuating, that is, the vulnerability of metropolis is heightening. Based on the analysis of flood in metropolitan regions of China, this study establishes a risk assessment system combining flood hazard and human and economic systems of Guangdong Province, South China, as the case study area. And in addition, basic land use system and enterprise risk management system with the combination of government-enterprise (community)-insurance company are presented to balance flood disaster magnitude and vulnerability in metropolitan regions.