石油降解菌的分离筛选及混合菌群的构建与优化

以河南濮阳油田超重质原油为研究对象，从污染井场土壤中分离并筛选出几株高效降解细菌、酵母菌和霉菌。由于不同类型微生物对碳源的利用目标和方式有所不同，而将3类不同类型菌种进行排列组合进行降解实验，最终优选出一组石油降解优势菌群。该文还利用正交优化法对降解菌的最佳添加量进行计算，结果显示，最佳接种量为X25：1．5％，Z3：1％，X18：1％，Z28：2％。利用该优化结果进行降解实验，石油的降解率在一定程度上提高了。在对濮阳、南阳和延长油田不同原油进行为期8d的降解实验中，显示了较高的降解效率，降解率分别为56．93％、65．66％、82．69％。实验证明，该降解菌群能不仅能有效够降解超重油，而且对重质原油和轻质原油表现出更好的降解能力。因此，该研究为石油污染物的降解提供了有效的菌种资源。

Study of the Isolation and Screening of Oil Degradation Microorganism and the Construction and Optimization of the Mixed Strains

In this study, the heavy oil from Puyang oil field was selected as the research object. A few strains of the high efficient degradation bacteria, saccharomycetes and fungi were separated and screened out from the contaminated soil of well site. As different microorganisms have different styles and targets of carbon source utilization, an advantage bacterium group of oil degradation was selected through the permutation and combination of these three kinds of bacteria strains. Besides, the addition amount of the microorganisms was calculated with the orthogonal optimization method. The optimization results showed that the optimal inoculation quantities were： X25： 1.5% , Z3： 1% , X18： 1% , Z28： 2%. The 8 days＇ degradation experiment of crude oil from Puyang, Nanyang and Yanchang oilfield were carried out during the optimization conditions, the degradation rates reached 56. 93%, 65.66% and 82. 69% respectively, which showed higher degradation efficiency. The study proved that the selected degradation microorganiumsm group could degradate extra - heavy crude oil effectively, and had better degradation ability to heavy crude and hght crude oil. In addition, this study provided effective strain resources for the degradation of oil pollutants.