地铁车站人员疏散离散时间模型研究

疏散时间对于保证地铁车站这类复杂建筑结构内人群的安全至关重要,本文借鉴群集流动理论建立了用于计算地铁车站人群移动时间的疏散离散时间模型(EDTM),模型中的人群流动系数取值不同于传统计算公式中的常量,依据的是经典的车站人群密度与速度函数关系式。将此模型用于某地铁车站站台层,求解楼梯出口疏散人数与时间的关系,并与Building EXODUS疏散软件的模拟结果以及传统地铁车站疏散时间计算公式的计算结果进行了对比,分析表明,EDTM计算结果与EXODUS疏散模拟结果非常接近,且比传统公式计算更为精确和符合实际情况。该计算模型可以为地铁车站人群疏散时间计算、建筑出口性能化设计,以及地铁车站事故应急预案的制定提供更有效的工具。

The Study on Evacuation Discrete Time Computational Model for Subway Station

During emergency condition,it's important of evacuation time for the crowd safety in complex subway station.In this paper,a computational evacuation discrete time model (EDTM) is presented to analyze the building egress evacuation time problem.EDTM uses crowd flow theory and discrete computational methods to identify the width of egress that are available for occupants to exit,which is more accurate and practicable because the crowd flow rate is variable.A case of subway station staircase egress is chosen for the validity of EDTM,and the comparison of EDTM,previous model and computer simulation indicates that both the EDTM and the simulation curve are found to give better predictions than the previous model.Based upon the results,EDTM shows great value in dealing with subway station evacuation time calculation,egress performance design,emergency plan establishment and so on.