中国城镇建设用地经济密度的区位差异及影响因素——基于273个地级及以上城市的分析

以全国地级及以上城市中的273个样本城市为研究对象,分别从全国、沿海地区、内陆地区三个层次考察了样本城市城镇建设用地经济密度的区位差异。根据柯布-道格拉斯生产函数的理论与分析方法建立模型,分析了资本、劳动力、土地三大投入要素和城市全要素生产率等对城镇建设用地的影响,并在控制以上变量的条件下侧重考察了城市区位差异的影响。发现我国城镇建设用地经济密度的区位差异明显,具有区位优势的城市土地效益平均高于缺乏区位优势的城市;沿海水陆口岸的区位优势十分显著,建设用地经济密度相对较高,而内陆地区水陆口岸的区位优势有待发掘;航空口岸对提高城镇建设用地经济密度未发挥积极作用。分析结果表明,生产要素投入、科技水平、市场环境和城市发展阶段是影响土地效益的主要因素,但不同区位条件下城镇建设用地经济密度的影响因素有所不同,为提高城镇建设用地经济密度,不同区位条件的城市着力点应各有侧重。

On the Location Difference and Influencing Factors of the Economic Density of Urban Construction Land in China: Evidence from 273 Prefecture-level Cities

Based on the analysis of 273 prefecture-level sample cities in China, this article focuses on the location disparities of the economic density of urban construction land among three levels: nationwide, coastal and inland area. Using and extending the theory and modeling framework of Cobb-Douglas production function, two OLS(Ordinary least squares) regression models is established, one of which investigates the influence of control variables, such as capital, labor and other socio-economic factors, and the other of which adds the location variables to the base model. Comparing two models, input of productive components, science and technology level, market environment and the developing stage of cities are still the principal factors affecting land-use efficiency. Moreover, the impacts of location variables show that: 1) there are obvious location differences of the economic density of urban construction land among Chinese prefecture-level cities, especially, which with location advantages possess higher land efficiency. (2)The coastal cities with land or water ports have significantly higher economic density,while the location advantages of inland ports need to be exploited for further development. (3) Airports do not exert a positive impact on enhancing the economic density of urban construction land. At last, we argue that factors influencing the economic density vary from cities with different location conditions, which suggests that cities should adopt appropriate land-use policies according to their location conditions to enhance the economic density of urban construction land.