丛枝菌根真菌在不同类型煤矸石山植被恢复中的作用

采用温室盆栽试验的方法,研究了接种丛枝菌根(arbuscular mycorrhizal,AM)、真菌Glomus etunicatum(GE)和Glomus versiforme(GV)对新排、风化和自燃这3种类型煤矸石上玉米(Zea mays L.)生长、矿质营养吸收、C∶N∶P生态化学计量比、重金属吸收的影响,旨在为草原生态系统煤矸石废弃地的生态重建和植被恢复提供技术依据.结果表明,在3种煤矸石上2种AM真菌均与玉米成功建立了互惠共生关系,平均菌根侵染率为36%~54%.接种GE和GV均显著增加了新排和风化煤矸石上玉米植株的干重,接种GV显著增加了自燃煤矸石上玉米植株的干重;接种AM真菌不同程度促进了玉米对N、P和K的吸收,降低了C∶N∶P计量比,符合生长速率假设;接种对植株地上部和根部重金属Cu、Fe、Mn、Zn浓度的影响存在显著的差异.结果表明,GE和GV在3种类型的煤矸石上表现出了不同的菌根效应,GV更适于新排煤矸石和风化煤矸石的植被恢复,GE更适于自燃煤矸石的植被恢复.试验初步证明AM真菌对于增强玉米适应不同类型煤矸石复合逆境,以及在草原生态系统不同类型煤矸石废弃地上重建植被均具有一定潜在的作用,应进一步验证野外自然条件下AM真菌对不同类型煤矸石山的实际作用效果.

Effects of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi on the Vegetation Restoration of Different Types of Coal Mine Spoil Banks

A greenhouse pot experiment was conducted to investigate the influence of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi Glomus etunicatum (GE) and Glomus versiforme (GV) on the plant growth, nutrient uptake, C:N:P stoichiometric, uptake of heavy metals by maize (Zea mays L.) grown in three types of coal mine spoil banks. The aim was to provide a technical basis for the revegetation of coal mine spoil banks in grassland ecosystem. The results indicated that the symbiotic associations were successfully established between two isolates and maize grown in the three substrates, with an average mycorrhizal colonization rate ranging from 36% to 54%. The colonization of two AM fungi significantly increased the dry weight of maize grown in recent discharged and weathered coal mine spoils and GE increased those grown in weathered coal mine spoil. Inoculation with AM fungi promoted the uptake of N, P and K by maize to varying degrees. In addition, inoculation with GE and GV also decreased C:N:P ratios, supporting the growth rate hypothesis, and had significantly differences on concentrations of Cu, Fe, Mn and Zn in shoots and roots of maize. The results indicated that GE and GV had different mycorrhizal effects on maize in the three types of substrates. GV was more suitable for the revegetation of recent discharged coal mine spoil and weathered coal mine spoil, while GE was more suitable for the revegetation of spontaneous combusted coal mine spoil. The experiment demonstrates that AM fungi have a potential role for maize to enhance the ability to adapt the composite adversity of different types of coal mine spoil and play a positive role in the revegetation of different coal mine spoil banks. Further field experiments should be conducted to evaluate the practical effects of AM fungi on the vegetation restoration of different types of coal mine spoil under field conditions.