维生素C工业废水处理系统VOCs污染特性

采用便携式气相色谱-质谱联用仪(GC-MS)测试了维生素C工业废水处理系统各单元环境空气中挥发性有机物(VOCs)的污染现状,分析和总结了挥发性有机物(VOCs)的种类特征.结果表明,废水处理系统中共检测出32种物质,逸散的总挥发性有机物(TVOCs)浓度范围为0.962 9~32.097 0 mg·m-3.其中,位于废水处理系统最前端半密闭状态的沉砂池是逸散VOCs种类最多、强度最大的单元,为25种,其总浓度为32.097 0 mg·m-3,沉砂池中小分子硫化物所占比例较大,为30.02%;后续处理单元中芳香烃比例较高约占监测总量的21.06%~31.48%.监测出VOCs的主要种类为氯代烃类、酮类,分别占监测总量的6.39%~55.80%、10.40%~58.08%,废水处理系统各单元均监测到丙酮、2-丁酮、正己烷、氯仿、氯苯等14种VOCs,其中氯乙烯、苯乙烯、1,3-丁二烯3种属于高毒性物质,监测出的氯乙烯浓度超过《大气污染物综合排放标准》(GB 16297-1996)标准,1,3-丁二烯等多种污染物尚无国家标准限值,本研究结果可为我国制药废水VOCs排放标准的修制提供科学依据.

Pollution Characteristics of Volatile Organic Compounds from Wastewater Treatment System of Vitamin C Production

Using a portable gas chromatography and mass spectrometry (GC-MS), the volatile organic compounds (VOCs) pollution in each unit of the wastewater treatment system for vitamin C production was studied, and the species characteristics of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) were analyzed and summarized. The results showed that 32 kinds of volatile organic compounds were identified, and the total mass concentration range of volatilizing VOCs was 0.9629-32.0970 mg·m^-3. The most species and the largest concentration (25 and 32.0970 mg·m^-3) of volatilizing VOCs were found in grit chamber, which was located in the most front-end of the wastewater treatment system and was in semi-closed state. The proportion of molecular sulfide in the grit chamber was as high as 30.02%; Higher proportions of aromatic hydrocarbons were monitored in the subsequent processing units, with percentages of 21.06%-31.48%. The main types of VOCs monitored were chlorinated hydrocarbons and ketones, accounting for 6.39%-55.80% and 10.40%-58.08% of the total amount, respectively; 14 kinds of VOCs were detected in every unit of the wastewater treatment system: acetone, 2-butanone, n-hexane, chloroform, chlorobenzene etc, among which, vinyl chloride, styrene and 1,3-butadiene belong to the highly toxic substances. The vinyl chloride concentration exceeded the standard of "atmospheric pollutants emission standards"(GB 16297-1996), while 1,3-butadiene and other pollutants have no national standard limits. The results of this study provide a scientific basis for the revision of China's pharmaceutical wastewater VOCs emission standards.