宁南山区不同草地土壤原位矿化过程中氮素的变化特征

用顶盖埋管法对宁南山区天然草地、人工草地和自然恢复草地中有机氮、微生物生物量氮、可溶性有机氮、铵态氮、硝态氮、亚硝态氮含量和土壤氮素矿化速率在原位培养中的动态变化特征进行了研究.结果表明,微生物生物量氮、可溶性有机氮、铵态氮、硝态氮、亚硝态氮含量,总体上在培养60 d时(4~6月)基本保持不变,60~120 d(6~8月)明显降低,120 d(8月)后有所回升,各种氮素含量均在培养120 d(8月)时最低.有机氮含量在整个培养过程中基本保持不变.土壤氮净矿化速率、净硝化速率、净氨化速率均在60~120 d(6~8月)时最低.各种氮素占总氮的比例随培养时间的延长而变化:有机氮、亚硝态氮占总氮的比例相对稳定,微生物量氮、可溶性有机氮、硝态氮、铵态氮占总氮的比例在培养0~120 d(4~8月)时降低,培养120 d(8月)后升高.土壤有机碳、pH、容重与氮素含量极显著相关,各种氮素间极显著正相关.不同草地间,各种氮素含量均表现为天然草地>自然恢复草地>人工草地.

Variation of Soil Nitrogen During in situ Mineralization Process Under Different Grasslands in the Mountainous Area of Southern Ningxia,Northwest China

Variations in organic nitrogen, microbial biomass nitrogen, soluble organic nitrogen, NH₄⁺-N, NO₃^--N, NO₂^--N and N mineralization were investigated under three different grasslands in the mountainous area of southern Ningxia,Northwest China (natural grassland, artificial turf and abandoned land) using the close-top tube incubation method. Microbial biomass nitrogen, soluble organic nitrogen, NH₄⁺-N, NO₃^--N, NO₂^--N and N mineralization exhibited significant seasonal variations. The nitrogen levels remained essentially unchanged from April to June, significantly decreased in July-August, rebounded after August, and were lowest in August. The organic nitrogen content remained unchanged in the whole training process. The soil mineralization rates, nitrification and ammonification rate were lowest in June-August. The ratios of each N fraction to total N responded differently to seasonal changes. The ratios of organic N, NO₂^--N to total N did not change, in contrast, the ratios of nitrate N, microbial biomass nitrogen and soluble organic nitrogen, to total soil N decreased from April to August, and increased from August to December. The soil organic matter, pH, and bulk density were closely related to soil N. There was a significant positive correlation among the six N fractions. The soil nitrogen content of the different grassland types followed the order of natural grassland>abandoned land>artificial turf.