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Sources of pesticides in surface waters in Switzerland: pesticide load through waste water treatment plants--current situation and reduction potential
Authors:Gerecke Andreas C  Schärer Michael  Singer Heinz P  Müller Stephan R  Schwarzenbach René P  Sägesser Martin  Ochsenbein Ueli  Popow Gabriel
Institution:Swiss Federal Institute for Environmental Science and Technology (EAWAG) and Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH), Dübendorf.
Abstract:Concentrations of pesticides in Swiss rivers and lakes frequently exceed the Swiss quality goal of 0.1 microg/l for surface waters. In this study, concentrations of various pesticides (e.g., atrazine, diuron, mecoprop) were continuously measured in the effluents of waste water treatment plants and in two rivers during a period of four months. These measurements revealed that in the catchment of Lake Greifensee, farmers who did not perfectly comply with 'good agricultural practice' caused at least 14% of the measured agricultural herbicide load into surface waters. Pesticides, used for additional purposes in urban areas (i.e. protection of materials, conservation, etc.), entered surface waters up to 75% through waste water treatment plants.
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