循环减灾理论及其煤矿循环减灾模式

煤矿循环减灾是在矿业开发中,针对我国煤矿自然条件复杂、灾害多的实际,尽可能少采或不采目前条件不允许的煤炭资源,如必须开采则应减少危险源,综合利用、综合开发,把对煤炭开采有害的资源利用起来,化害为益,变废为宝,把目前认为无用的东西利用起来治理灾害,以废治害,从而实现资源开采最少化,环境影响最小化,资源利用充分化,煤矿生产灾害发生最少化。煤矿循环减灾的典型模式有化害为益模式和以废治害模式两种类型。化害为益模式中包括把煤矿瓦斯作为资源的先抽后采、边抽边采模式和充分利用地热,变热害为热能模式。以废治害模式中包括煤矸石井下直接用于采空区充填模式和粉煤灰回收利用模式。循环减灾是一种从根本上防止和减轻灾害的措施,在全国煤矿企业实施循环减灾对于遏止目前煤矿事故多发势头,实现煤矿企业可持续发展具有重要意义。

On Theory of Circulating Disaster Reduction and Its Mode in Coal Mine

Theory of circulating disaster reduction is discussed, and its modes are put forward. The coalmines in China are rather complicated in natural conditions and sometimes disastrous. In view of this situation, the amount of coal exploited should be restricted or even stop exploiting when conditions not allowed. If mining has to be done, risk sources must be controlled by such as comprehensive utilization and development, fully use of harmful resources co-existed with coal mine, turning harmfulness into benefit and turning wastes into treasure. In this way, resources could be fully used to minimize the environment impact and disaster occurrence in coal mine. In general, there are two modes of circulation disaster reduction. One is to turn harmfulness into benefit, and the other is to turn wastes into treasure. The former includes extracting and utilizing the gas prior to mining, extracting the gas while mining, and fully utilizing geothermal resource turning heat hazard into heat energy. The latter includes the application of gangue as gob-filling, and the recovery and utilization of coal ash. Circulating disaster reduction is a radical measure for effectively preventing and reducing disasters. It is of great importance for coal mines all over the nation in preventing and reducing coal mine accidents to realize the sustainable development of coal mines.