人工生物结皮的发育演替及表土持水特性研究

为了解接种蓝藻对荒漠地区表土持水特性的改善作用,对库布齐沙漠东缘达拉特旗地区人工接种蓝藻后形成的生物结皮进行了发育演替及持水特性研究.结果表明,在人工接种荒漠蓝藻之后,藻结皮能够很快形成,并在一些微环境下藻结皮直接演替为藓结皮(接种2~3 a后).随着结皮的发育演替,表土生物量、多糖含量、厚度以及孔隙度增加,而土壤容重减小;同时,形成结皮之后表土质地也发生了明显的变化,其中沙粒含量逐渐减少,粉粒、黏粒含量增加.实验还发现随着结皮的发育演替,表土含水量与饱和持水量都呈增加的趋势,即:藓结皮>藻结皮>流沙,藻结皮中的含水量(饱和持水量)为流沙中的1.1~1.3倍,藓结皮中的含水量(饱和持水量)为流沙中的1.8~2.2倍.相关分析表明表土含水量及饱和持水量与表土生物量、多糖含量、厚度、容重、粉粒和黏粒含量呈正相关,与表土孔隙度和沙粒含量呈负相关.通过逐步回归分析发现影响含水量的主要因素为表土黏粒的含量,而影响饱和持水量的主要因素为表土孔隙度.

Development and Succession of Artificial Biological Soil Crusts and Water Holding Characteristics of Topsoil

In order to understand the improving effects of cyanobacterial inoculation on water retention of topsoil in desert regions, this work focused on the development and succession of biological soil crusts and water holding characteristics of topsoil after cyanobacterial inoculation in Qubqi Desert. The results showed that after the artificial inoculation of desert cyanobacteria, algal crusts were quickly formed, and in some microenvironments direct succession of the algal crusts to moss crusts occurred after 2-3 years. With the development and succession of biological soil crusts, the topsoil biomass, polysaccharides content, crust thickness and porosity increased, while the soil bulk density decreased. At the same time, with crust development and succession, the topsoil texture became finer and the percents of fine soil particles including silt and clay contents increased, while the percents of coarse soil particles (sand content) decreased proportionately. In addition, it was found that with crust development and succession, the water holding capacity and water content of topsoil showed an increasing trend, namely: moss crust> algal crusts> shifting sand. The water content (or water holding capacity) in algal and moss crusts were 1.1-1.3 and 1.8-2.2 times of those in shifting sand, respectively. Correlation analysis showed that the water holding capacity and water content of topsoil were positively correlated with the crust biomass, polysaccharides content, thickness, bulk density, silt and clay content; while negatively correlated with the porosity and sand content. Furthermore, stepwise regression analysis showed that the main factor affecting water content was the clay content, while that affecting water holding capacity was the porosity.