物质流分析方法在固体废物管理领域的应用综述

近年来,我国在固体废物管理领域出台了一系列政策措施,如修订《固体废物污染环境防治法》、创建"无废城市"建设试点等。末端治理已不能满足固体废物管理需求,科学、全面和系统地管理固体废物应提上日程。当前我国固体废物管理仍面临一系列难题,如绿色生产和生活方式尚未形成,资源化利用水平不足,固体废物环境风险大等。在此背景下,物质流分析方法可以成为我国提升固体废物管理水平的一个重要抓手。基于欧美国家已有经验,以及国内外学者的广泛实证研究,本文主要以固体废物管理源头减量、资源化利用、环境影响最小化三个方面目标为导向,梳理物质流分析方法应用的具体领域,并对未来物质流分析在固体废物管理领域的应用提出如下展望:基于地区经济、环境实际情况,探索物质流分析与投入产出分析、生命周期评价等方法相结合的混合政策工具;加强对物质流动驱动因素的识别与机理分析;推动中小尺度经济系统固体废物数据收集与应用。

Review of the application of material flow analysis in solid waste management

In recent years,China has issued a series of solid waste management-related policies,e.g.,revision to the Law on the Prevention and Control of Environmental Pollution by Solid Waste,"zero-waste" city pilot project.End-of-pipe control cannot meet the requirement of solid waste management anymore,instead,much concern has been voiced about the scientific and systematic management of solid waste.At present,China’s solid waste management is still facing a series of difficulties,such as immature mode of green production and lifestyle,low level of resource utilization,and solid waste environmental risks.In this context,the material flow analysis acts as an important tool to optimize the solid waste management in China.Based on the experience of developed countries,as well as extensive empirical research by scholars at home and abroad,oriented by three goals of solid waste management,i.e. source reduction,resource utilization and minimizing environmental impact,this paper reviews the specific application of material flow analysis,and puts forward the prospect of the application of material flow analysis in combining with other tools such as input-output analysis and life cycle assessment,identifying driving force and influence mechanism,and strengthening data collection and application of solid waste data in small and medium-scale economic systems.