公路景观生态环境风险评价体系的建立和应用:以315国道新疆依吞布拉克—且末段为例

应用景观生态学思想,依据层次分析模式建立了公路生态环境风险评价体系,在专家思想库的基础之上,为突出各评价指标的空间属性,规定其权重值由评价指标影响空间范围的大小来确定.其中环境因子的影响范围,即所占面积,利用GIS对相关图件解读获得,灾害因子影响路段的长度则在施工设计和路线勘测阶段实测而得.使用该评价体系对315国道新疆依吞布拉克且末段的生态环境风险性进行评价,结果表明,该路域生态环境风险指数ERA介于1.55～3.23之间.由于ERA包含的生态环境脆弱性指数∑x_iw_i和灾害系数∑y_iw_j存在空间异质性,故据其最终对路域内的8个景观生态单元,用4个风险级别进行了评价,较真实地反映了该路段生态环境风险特征.

Establishment and application of eco-environmental risk assessment system of highway: a case study from G315 Yitunbulake-Qiemo section of Xinjiang

The eco-environmental risk assessment system of highway, based on the Analytic Hierarchy Process and specialists' ideas, is set up. To give prominence to the spatial attribute of each assessment index the weight values were determined by the magnitude of special range that was influenced by assessment index. By translating relative maps using GIS the influenced range of environmental factors, the area occupied, was gotten. The lengths impacted by disaster factors were measured by the route reconnaissance and design. The results of applying the assessment system to evaluate the eco-environmental risk assessment of G315 Yitunbulake-Qiemo section of Xinjiang show that the eco-environmental risk indices of the road region, eco-environmental risk assessment (ERA) were between 1.55-3.23. According to the heterogeneity of the ecoenvironmental vulnerability indices (sigma x(i)w(i)) and disasters indices (sigma y(i)w(j)) included in ERA, 4 risk ranks to assess the eight units of landscape ecology in the Yitunbulake-Qiemo section of G315 highway were carried out, which factually reflects the characteristics of the eco-environmental risk for the highway.