我国水资源产权与配置中的制度创新

水资源是人类基础性资源，水资源短缺已成为当今人类生存与发展所面临的严重困扰。如何缓解水资源短缺已成为科学研究的一个重要课题，我国水资源按所有权范围划分为：私有产权，俱乐部产权和公共产权；其有三种基本的配置方式：市场配置、政府管制和俱乐部配置。市场机制优化配置产权明晰的私有水资源；政府管制措施优化配置产权不明晰的公共水资源，俱乐部机制优化配置集体共管的水资源。

THE PROPERTY AND ALLOCATION OF WATER RESOURCES

Water is the essential factor of the universe with; water resources being the prerequisite conditions on which the earth biosphere depends, as well as the basic resource of human survival and development. The contradiction between demand and supply of water resources is stressed increasingly, which has become the obstacle and bottleneck to the advancement of social civilization and the continuing development of national economy of our country. Therefore, as the economic theoretical and practical issues of water resources are discussed, especially the theory of its relocation and the property right of water resource to be studied with reality will be not only of important academic value but also of significant realistic meaning. In theory the research of this paper concludes as follows: Under the condition with clear property right, market institution to relocate resources can realize the efficiency of resources disposition to the best way theoretically. Under the condition with unclear property right, market institution loses its own effectiveness for the efficiency of resources disposition, and government controls can improve the efficiency of resources disposition in public goods. Property right being allocated in the gray clearly or not clearly, club institution is helpful to deploy club resources to raise the disposition efficiency of club resources.