欧美新污染物监测进展及启示

新污染物监测是新污染物环境和健康风险评估及管控的重要基础。欧美发达国家环保部门在20世纪70年代就开展了新污染物监测工作,并且2000年后形成了相应的监测制度,而我国新污染物监测工作正处于业务化起步阶段。通过深入调研欧美国家水中新污染物监测为主的发展历程、监测清单、监测要求等内容,总结出3个特点:建立动态更新的新污染物清单监测机制;将规范的新污染物监测方法作为开展监测的重要前提;充分考虑监测可行性和经济成本。结合我国现阶段新污染物监管需求及监测现状,提出我国新污染物监测工作的3点建议:明晰国家、地方新污染物监测的职责分工,建立优先监测新污染物清单动态更新机制;加强新污染物监测能力建设,建立新污染物监测标准体系;循序渐进开展新污染物监测,注重监测的可行性和可持续性。

Progress and Enlightenment of Environmental Monitoring of Emerging Pollutants in Europe and America

Environmental monitoring of emerging pollutants (EMEP) is an important basis for the environmental and health risk assessment and control of emerging pollutants. The environmental protection agency of Europe and America carried out EMEP as early as the 1970s and formed the corresponding monitoring regulations after 2000. EMEP by environmental protection agency in China is at the initial stage. Through deep investigation on the development history, list of monitored substances,monitoring technical requirements of EMEP mainly in water in Europe and America, three characteristics were summarized. First,a dynamically updated monitoring mechanism for the list of emerging pollutants was established. Second, standardized methods were regarded as an important prerequisite for EMEP. Third, there was careful consideration of the monitoring feasibility and economic costs. Combined with the current stage of emerging pollutant regulatory needs and current situation in China, three recommendations were proposed as following:Clarify the responsibilities of EMEP for local and central government,and establish a dynamic update mechanism for the prior list of EMEP. Strengthen capacity for EMEP, and establish a standardized method system. Carry out EMEP in a gradual and orderly manner with the focus on the feasibility and sustainability.