环境价值的多元不可比性及其字典式偏好研究

绝大多数环境物品属于非市场资源,没有市场价格,因此市场体制低估甚至忽视了环境的价值,这是产生全球环境问题的深刻根源。在环境经济学中被广泛采用的显示偏好或明示偏好等非市场价值导出方法尽管可以估计环境的经济价值,但这些方法仍以新古典经济学的一元价值论为基础,忽视了环境物品的价值多元性和不可估价性。近年来在环境伦理领域兴起的字典式偏好可以较好地描述环境多元价值,反映环境物品具有伦理属性、公共属性和政治属性。相对于新古典经济学的福利最大化和利益补偿原则而言,商议是一种可以发现和容纳环境多元价值的机制,也是现代市民社会解决环境争议的重要途径之一。

Plurality and Incomparability of Environmental Values and Its Lexicographic Preference

Most environmental goods belong to non-market resources.They have no market prices and therefore,are undervalued or ignored by its values in nowadays’ market system.This is the basic root of global environment issue.Although some non-market value elicitation techniques such as revealed preference(RP) and stated preference(SP) have been pervasively used in environmental economics to estimate environmental values,these techniques are still falling into value monistic neoclassical economics and ignoring the value plurality,incommensurability and incomparability.The lexicographic preference could describe the plural environmental values and reflect the ethical,public,and political features of environmental goods.Comparing to welfare maximization and compensation in neo-liberal economics,deliberation is a preferable mechanism that could discover and accommodate environmental plural values,and it is also the mechanism resolving the value conflicts in today’s civil society.