丛枝菌根对盐胁迫的响应及其与宿主植物的互作

丛枝菌根真菌(Arbuscular Mycorrhizae Fungi,AMF)作为陆地生态系统的组成部分之一,在促进宿主植物对土壤养分和水分的吸收、提高植物生物量生产、调节种群和群落的结构、维持生态系统的稳定性等方面发挥了重要作用。其中,盐渍化是自然生态系统中广泛存在的一种胁迫生境条件,全球盐渍化土地约占耕地总面积的10%,因而探讨AM菌根在此胁迫生境下对宿主植物生长的影响具有重要意义。从以下几个方面,围绕盐胁迫条件、AM菌根和宿主植物三者之间的关系对当前国际上相关领域的研究进展进行了综述:1)AM真菌对盐胁迫的响应,包括菌根共生体形成、菌根侵染率、AM真菌的分布、菌丝体生长发育、孢子的形成和分布等;2)盐胁迫条件下AM菌根对宿主植物的效应,包括AM菌根促进宿主植物对P、N等元素的吸收、降低植物体内Na 的含量、提高光合作用能力,进而提高植物的生物量和对植物的群落结构产生影响等;3)AM菌根提高宿主植物耐盐性的机理,分别从植物根系形态的改变、水分吸收能力的加强、细胞内营养物质的平衡,以及细胞生理代谢的调节等方面对AM菌根促进植物抗盐性的机理进行了剖析。

Response of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi to salt stressed condition and the interrelation between AMF and host plant

Arbuscular mycorrhizae(AM)play an important role in terrestrial ecosystem. AMF could enhance plant growth through increasing nutrient and water acquisition, increasing biomass production, regulating the intra- and interspecific competition, and influence the biodiversity and stability of ecosystem. AMF alleviating host plant to environmental stresses has become a hotspot field in ecology research. In natural habitats, the area of salt stressed land is about 10% of total farmland all over the world. On the basis of this, we focused on the relationship among salt stressed condition, AM fungi and host plant from three points: 1) the influence of salt tolerance on AMF, such as the formation of mycorrhizal symbiosis, mycorrhizal colonization rate, distribution of AMF, growth of AMF hypahe etc. 2) the response of host plant to AMF, such as the increasing P and N absorption, decreasing of Na in in vivo, enhancing the photosynthesis ability, increasing biomass and regulating the plant community. 3) the mechanisms of AMF enhancing the ability of plants with the root morphology changeable, enhancing water acquisition ability, regulating the balance of the nutrients and physiological metabolize.