一般持续发展论（下）

本文比较全面地论述了持续发展的由来、概念、目标和战略要素。作者指出,持续发展的提出反映了人类对自身与环境关系的认识进入新阶段;是既满足当代人和局部需要又不危害后代人和全球满足需要能力的发展,包括一般持续发展论、全球持续性、区域持续性和部门持续性。作者认为,社会福利既包括人造产品也包括自然资本,持续发展的目标在于促进社会福利的增长与公平分配,以及生态系统的持续性;而达到持续发展目标的战略要素则包括经济结构的生态现代化、实行以预防为主的环境政策、经济机制的生态现代化、实行有控制的人口转变以及反贫困。在目标和战略要素的论述中,作者提出了发达和发展中国家(地区)应分别实行强持续性和弱持续性。

GENERAL THEORIES OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT

This paper is designed to discuss the origin, concept, objects and strategic factors of sustainable development. The author states that the rise of sustainable development(SD) shows that Man-Environment relationaship enters a new period. SD is defined as a pattern of development that meets the needs of the present generation and partial population without jeopardizing the ability of future generations and global populaton to meet their own needs, and includes general theories of SD and global, regional and systematic (sectoral) sustainability. The author dis-cribes the three objects and criteria of SD, and advances and expounds the basic strategic factors, including eco-modernization of economic structure and economic mechanism, implementation of preventive environmental policies and population control, and poverty alleviation. It is suggested that the developed and developing countries adopt "strong sustainability" and "weak sustainability" respectively. sustainable development; global sustainability; regional sustainability; sectoral sustainability; strategic factor