Too hot to handle: The effects of high temperatures during pregnancy on adult welfare outcomes |
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| Institution: | 1. Department of Policy Analysis and Management, Department of Economics, Cornell University, USA;2. Institute of Real Estate Studies, National University of Singapore, Singapore;3. International School of Business and Finance, Sun Yat-sen University, China;1. Department of Real Estate, National University of Singapore, Singapore;2. Hang Lung Center for Real Estate and Department of Construction Management, Tsinghua University, China;3. School of Social Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore;1. Institute for Economics and Social Research, Jinan University, China;2. International School of Business and Finance, Sun Yat-sen University, China;1. Department of Economics, National University of Singapore, 1 Arts Link, 117570, Singapore;2. Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No.1, Qide Road, Jiahe, Baiyu, Guangzhou, 510440, China;3. International School of Business and Finance, Sun Yat-sen University, No.135, Xingang Xi Road, Guangzhou, 510275, China;1. Department of Economics, Harvard University and NBER, Cambridge 02138, United States;2. College of Economics, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, PR China;3. Labor and Worklife Program, Harvard University, Cambridge 02138, United States;4. Department of Economics, Duke University and NBER, Durham 27708, United States;1. Department of Economics, University of Ottawa, Canada;2. Department of Economics, University of Sussex, UK;3. School of Economics, Nanjing University, China;1. National University of Singapore, Singapore;2. University of Wisconsin-Madison, USA;3. International School of Business and Finance, Sun Yat-sen University, China |
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| Abstract: | This paper studies the long-term effects of high temperatures during pregnancy on later-life outcomes for Chinese adults. Adults experienced one additional high-temperature day during in utero period, on average, attain 0.02 fewer years of schooling, increase the risk of illiteracy by 0.18%, achieve lower standardized word-test score by 0.48%, and are shorter by 0.02 cm. The impacts are greater in the first and second trimesters. Additionally, we find that income effects represent one important channel to explain the adverse effects of hot weather. Back-of-the-envelope predictions suggest that by the end of the 21st century, a 0.14–0.54 reduction in years of education and a 0.21–0.84 cm reduction in height is likely to result from climate change, ceteris paribus. |
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| Keywords: | Global warming High temperatures Prenatal period Educational attainment Height I12 I21 Q51 Q54 |
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