Planning hydrological restoration of peatlands in Indonesia to mitigate carbon dioxide emissions |
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Authors: | Julia Jaenicke Henk Wösten Arif Budiman Florian Siegert |
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Institution: | 1.GeoBio Center,Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich & Remote Sensing Solutions GmbH,München,Germany;2.Alterra, Wageningen University and Research Centre,Wageningen,The Netherlands;3.WWF-Indonesia,Jakarta,Indonesia |
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Abstract: | Extensive degradation of Indonesian peatlands by deforestation, drainage and recurrent fires causes release of huge amounts
of peat soil carbon to the atmosphere. Construction of drainage canals is associated with conversion to other land uses, especially
plantations of oil palm and pulpwood trees, and with widespread illegal logging to facilitate timber transport. A lowering
of the groundwater level leads to an increase in oxidation and subsidence of peat. Therefore, the groundwater level is the
main control on carbon dioxide emissions from peatlands. Restoring the peatland hydrology is the only way to prevent peat
oxidation and mitigate CO2 emissions. In this study we present a strategy for improved planning of rewetting measures by dam constructions. The study
area is a vast peatland with limited accessibility in Central Kalimantan, Indonesia. Field inventory and remote sensing data
are used to generate a detailed 3D model of the peat dome and a hydrological model predicts the rise in groundwater levels
once dams have been constructed. Successful rewetting of a 590 km2 large area of drained peat swamp forest could result in
mitigated emissions of 1.4–1.6 Mt CO2 yearly. This equates to 6% of the carbon dioxide emissions by civil aviation in the European Union in 2006 and can be achieved
with relatively small efforts and at low costs. The proposed methodology allows a detailed planning of hydrological restoration
of peatlands with interesting impacts on carbon trading for the voluntary carbon market. |
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