基于景观格局的辽河三角洲湿地生态安全分析

以1990年和2005年遥感影像为基本信息源，在GIS技术支持下，在对辽河三角洲湿地景观格局分析的基础上，采用破碎度、分离度、优势度等景观格局指数和景观类型脆弱度为评价指标研究辽河三角洲湿地景观生态安全。20世纪90年代以来大规模的资源开发，加剧了辽河三角洲湿地景观的破碎化程度，使景观优势度增高，多样性下降。从1990-2005年，研究区主要湿地景观类型水稻田、苇田、滩涂的干扰程度有所增加，生态安全度均有所下降，表明人类对自然湿地生态系统的干扰越来越明显。总体来说，15年来研究区整体景观生态安全度呈现下降趋势。以往湿地生态安全的研究主要集中在环境脆弱性和保护策略方面，研究层次着重在生态系统层面，而从景观格局角度对湿地景观生态安全的研究涉及较少，文章涉及的是景观生态学可持续发展研究的一个新领域，所提出的内容实质上是景观生态安全定量表征的方法探讨。应用景观生态学方法研究生态安全，揭示景观结构与功能关系并进一步分析区域生态环境的变化趋势及其内在因素，不但为辽河三角洲湿地及其生物多样性的保护和资源开发提供了科学依据，而且丰富和发展了我国生态安全研究的理论与方法。

Analysis of ecological security of wetland in Liaohe River delta based on the landscape pattern

Based on the data of the basic information in 1990 and 2005 remote sensing, GIS and previous studies on landscape pat-tern of wetland in Liaohe River delta, the security of wetland in Lianhe River delta is studied by using the indexes on landscape pat-tern and of vulnerability of landscape types, such as, fragmentation, isolation and dominance. In the 19908, the increasing resources exploitation aggregates the fragmentation on Liaohe River delta, which increases the landscape dominance and decrease the diversity. From 1990 to 2005, the disturbance on main paddy field, weed field, beach increased while the landscape ecological security de-creased, which demonstrate that the disturbance from the human beings increase. On the whole, landscape security of whole research region has decreased for 15 years. The previous research on ecological security focused on the environment vulnerability and the protective methods about the ecosystem. While there is few researches relate to the wetland ecological security. It is a new field to study the sustainable development on landscape ecology. The essence of content on the study is to discuss method for quantitative landscape ecological security. By using the landscape ecology on the ecological security, the landscape structure, function, the change tendency and its inner factors are revealed, which provide the scientific evidence on the protection and natural resource ex-ploitation of wetland in Liaohe River delta, and developed and enriched the theories and methods of Chinese ecological security.