深埋岛式地铁车站站台火灾时烟气蔓延数值分析

随着我国地铁的发展,未来部分地铁的发展空间属于埋深较大,经过老城区时须穿越大片房屋桩基,地质条件复杂,施工难度大,工程实施上线路和车站均需要较大的埋深。因此,深入开展深埋地铁站点火灾安全研究有助于地铁安全管理工作。笔者针对地铁深埋岛式站台火灾,利用数值模拟方法,研究深埋岛式站点内烟气横向流动和不同站层间的烟气纵向蔓延规律。分析烟气在隧道、站台及站厅内蔓延时烟气温度、有毒气体浓度、可见度等特征参数的分布情况;同时探讨了火灾时深埋岛式站点内有效的气流组织形式,隧道排烟系统的运行模式。所获的研究结论有助于同类型的地铁车站的设计和运营管理。

Simulation of Smoke Movement and Ventilation in Fire at Island-platform of Deep Buried Metro Station

With the development of subway in China, most stations in megalopolis area will be built by deep embedment technology, especially for the lines passing through old downtown with lots of building piles underneath. So fire safety in these metro stations should be deeply concerned and further studied. By CFD simulatim, horizontal movement of smoke at island platform and vertical diffusion of smoke at different level of the platform are studied. Distribution of characteristic parameters such as smoke temperature, concentration of toxic gases and visibility during the smoke diffusing through the tunnel, platform and waiting hall is analyzed. The efficient air flow and ventilation pattern and tunnel effluent system are explored, The results might be beneficial to the ventilation design and safety management for similar subway station.