三峡库区农林畜复合小流域水体汞的时空变化特征

以三峡库区中农、林、畜均有分布的典型小流域为对象,于2013年3月~2014年3月对流域内不同类型水体总汞(THg)和甲基汞(TMe Hg)时空变化进行为期1 a的系统研究.结果表明,研究区水体THg浓度范围为9.95~15.26 ng·L-1,均值为(11.95±1.87)ng·L-1,不同水体THg浓度大小为裸地养殖废水林地农林混交井水;TMe Hg浓度范围为0.120~0.441 ng·L-1,均值为(0.232±0.099)ng·L-1,不同水体TMe Hg浓度大小为养殖废水农林混交林地裸地井水.井水THg和TMe Hg均以溶解态为主要存在形态,而其余水体THg和TMe Hg则主要以颗粒形态存在.不同类型水体THg浓度分布均表现为冬春季高于夏秋季,而TMe Hg变化则较为复杂,人类活动和气象原因(气温、降雨量等)是造成THg和TMe Hg时空分布差异的主要原因.

Temporal and Spatial Variation of Mercury in Water of Agro-forestry and Livestock Compound Watershed in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area

The temporal and spatial distribution of mercury(Hg) in four different sources of stream(aquaculture wastewater, bare land, forestry land and agro-forestry land) and well water of an agro-forestry and livestock compound watershed in the Three Gorge Reservoir region was studied during the period from March 2013 to March 2014. The total mercury(THg) concentrations ranged 9.95-15.26 ng·L^-1 with an average of(11.95±1.87) ng·L^-1, and the THg concentration decreased in the order of bare land>aquaculture wastewater>forestry land>agro-forestry land>well water. The total methylmercury(TMeHg) concentrations ranged 0.120-0.441 ng·L^-1 with an average of(0.232±0.099) ng·L^-1, and the TMeHg concentration decreased in the order of aquaculture wastewater>agro-forestry land>forestry land>bare land>well water. THg and TMeHg in well water were both dominated by the dissolved fraction, whereas for other sources of stream, the particulate phase accounted for the major fraction of THg and TMeHg. The THg concentrations in winter and spring were significant higher than those in summer and fall, however, no obvious seasonal trend of TMeHg distribution was observed. Comprehensive analysis showed human activities and weather conditions such as air temperature and precipitation etc. were the main reasons for the difference of temporal and spatial distribution of THg and TMeHg.