土壤电动修复的电极空间构型优化研究

采用MATLAB软件对非均匀电场中几种常见电极构型的电场分布进行了模拟,根据最优的电极构型构建了电动修复实验装置,研究了电动修复过程中不同部位土壤p H以及重金属残留量随时间变化情况.结果表明,从电场强度的有效性角度,正方形(1-D-1)和正六边形(2-D-3)分别是一维、二维构型中最优的电极构型,土壤p H值的变化、重金属的去除与电场强度的分布有密切关系.采用正六边形电极构型对镉、镍、铅、铜共4种阳离子型重金属进行电动修复时,控制阴极p H值,随着修复的进行,在整个反应单元中逐步形成了酸性迁移带,可在一定程度上避免重金属的过早沉淀,有利于重金属的去除.电动修复480 h后,重金属镉、镍、铅、铜的总去除率分别为86.6%、86.2%、67.7%、73.0%,可根据修复目标改变修复时间和更换电极频次.

Optimization of Electrode Configuration in Soil Electrokinetic Remediation

Electric field distributions of several different electrode configurations in non-uniform electric field were simulated using MATLAB software, and the electrokinetic remediation device was constructed according to the best electrode configuration. The changes of soil pH and heavy metal residues in different parts of the device during the electrokinetic remediation were also studied. The results showed that, in terms of the effectiveness of the electric field strength, the square (1-D-1) and hexagonal (2-D-3) were the optimal electrode configurations for one-dimensional and two-dimensional respectively and the changes of soil pH, the removal of heavy metals and the distribution of electric field were closely related to one another. An acidic migration band, which could prevent premature precipitation of heavy metals to a certain extent and promote electrokinetic removal of heavy metals, was formed gradually along with the remediation in the whole hexagon device when the cathodic pH was controlled during the remediation of the four cationic metallic ions, Cd²⁺, Ni²⁺, Pb²⁺ and Cu²⁺. After 480-hour remediation, the total removals of Cd, Ni, Pb and Cu were 86.6%, 86.2%, 67.7% and 73.0%, respectively. Remediation duration and replacement frequency of the electrodes could be adjusted according to the repair target.