苕溪干流悬浮物和沉积物的磷形态分布及成因分析

磷是控制水体营养状态和诱发富营养化的重要因素,不同形态的磷对水体富营养贡献不同.以东西苕溪干流为研究对象,采用连续提取法获得磷形态,对悬浮物和表层沉积物中磷形态的分布进行分析,并探讨了悬浮物和沉积物的物质组分与磷形态的相关性.结果表明,西苕溪水质状况劣于东苕溪,而东苕溪中游水体的水质状况好于上游和下游;悬浮物中营养物质含量普遍高于沉积物,其弱吸附态磷、还原态磷和金属氧化物结合态磷所占比例较表层沉积物大,钙结合态磷则在沉积物中占较高比例.相关性分析表明,西苕溪悬浮物和沉积物的组分对磷形态的影响较弱,而东苕溪的物质组分对磷形态有显著的影响,有机质和黏土矿物对悬浮物和沉积物中形态磷的影响最为显著,这与河流的地质背景及物质来源有关.

Distributions of Phosphorus Fractions in Suspended Sediments and Surface Sediments of Tiaoxi Mainstreams and Cause Analysis

Phosphorus is a primary nutrient showing the water quality status of river and inducing eutrophication, and a different phosphorus fraction can make diverse contributions to water quality. Four phosphorus forms of suspended sediments and surface sediments in Tiaoxi mainstreams were measured using a sequential extraction procedure, and the distributions of their forms were discussed. The results showed that the tropic status of Xitiaoxi River was inferior to that of Dongtiaoxi River as a whole, and the water quality in the middle reach of Dongtiaoxi River was better than that in the upper and lower reaches. The contents of nutrient elements in suspended sediments were significantly higher than those in surface sediment, which indicated an enrichment of nutrient in fine sediment. The percentages of the loosely absorbed phosphorus(NH₄Cl-P), the reductant phosphorus (BD-P) and the metal oxide bound phosphorus (NaOH-P) in the suspended sediment were higher than those in surface sediment, while the percentage of the calcium bound phosphorus (HCl-P) showed a reverse trend. Correlation analyses between phosphorus forms and chemical compositions of suspended sediments and surface sediments were performed. The results showed the phosphorus forms in suspended sediments and surface sediments of Xitiaoxi River had weak relationships with mineral components, while those in the Dongtiaoxi River had strong relationships with mineral, especially OM and clay mineral. The cause was associated with the geological setting and material sources in Tiaoxi watershed.