汶川地震灾区不同气候区土壤微生物群落碳源代谢多样性

为探讨汶川地震灾区不同气候区土壤微生物群落功能代谢的变化,采用Biolog-ECO生态板技术,研究了亚热带湿润季风气候和半干旱干热河谷气候未受损区、受损治理区、受损未治理区土壤微生物碳源代谢的多样性变化特征.结果表明,平均颜色变化率(AWCD)在未受损区和受损治理区表现为亚热带湿润季风气候区半干旱干热河谷气候区,在受损未治理区表现为半干旱干热河谷气候区亚热带湿润季风气候区,不同气候区内受损未治理区AWCD值均处于最低水平;亚热带湿润季风气候区土壤微生物的碳源利用类型明显多于半干旱干热河谷气候区,在不同气候类型区内碳源利用种类均表现为受损治理区未受损区受损未治理区的趋势;不同气候区土壤微生物群落碳源代谢多样性特征差异显著,其中多样性指数和均匀度指数均表现为未受损区受损治理区受损未治理区,而受损治理区均具有最高的丰富度指数;土壤微生物群落的碳源代谢特征与土壤养分、地上植被生物量及植被覆盖度具有一定的相关性,表明地震及其次生灾害主要通过对地表植被和土壤环境的作用间接影响土壤微生物群落的碳源利用能力,在不同气候类型区与不同的受损治理情况下土壤微生物群落的碳源代谢特征具有显著差异.

Carbon Source Metabolic Diversity of Soil Microbial Community Under Different Climate Types in the Area Affected by Wenchuan Earthquake

The MS8.0Wenchuan earthquake in 2008 led to huge damage to land covers in northwest Sichuan, one of the critical fragile eco-regions in China which can be divided into Semi-arid dry hot climate zone(SDHC) and Subtropical humid monsoon climate zone(SHMC). Using the method of Bilog-ECO-microplate technique, this paper aimed to determine the functional diversity of soil microbial community in the earthquake-affected areas which can be divided into undamaged area(U), recover area(R) and damaged area without recovery(D) under different climate types, in order to provide scientific basis for ecological recovery. The results indicated that the average-well-color-development (AWCD) in undamaged area and recovery area showed SDHC>SHMC, which was contrary to the AWCD in the damaged area without recovery. The AWCD of damaged area without recovery was the lowest in both climate zones. The number of carbon source utilization types of soil microbial in SHMC zone was significantly higher than that in SDHC zone. The carbon source utilization types in both climate zones presented a trend of recover area>undamaged area>damaged area without recovery. The carbon source metabolic diversity characteristic of soil microbial community was significantly different in different climate zones. The diversity index and evenness index both showed a ranking of undamaged area>recover area>damaged area without recovery. In addition, the recovery area had the highest richness index. The soil microbial carbon sources metabolism characteristic was affected by soil nutrient, aboveground vegetation biomass and vegetation coverage to some extent. In conclusion, earthquake and its secondary disasters influenced the carbon source metabolic diversity characteristic of soil microbial community mainly through the change of aboveground vegetation and soil environmental factors.