资本禀赋对农户绿色生产投资意愿的影响——以秸秆还田为例

作为一种典型的绿色生产方式,秸秆还田兼具环境污染治理与资源循环利用之效,但现实中农户响应并不积极。个体的意愿选择通常会面临着个人及家庭资本禀赋的约束,为探究农户在秸秆还田问题上是否也面临着相同的境况,本文基于相关理论分析,提出了资本禀赋水平和结构会对农户秸秆还田投资意愿产生作用的假说,利用实地调研数据,运用熵值法和CVM方法对农户的资本禀赋水平和结构、秸秆还田投资意愿与水平进行了评价分析,以Probit和Tobit模型实证检验了资本禀赋及其结构对农户秸秆还田投资意愿的影响效应。结果表明:(1)农户的资本禀赋水平存在较大差异,各类资本禀赋按照水平排序为:社会资本(97.99)自然资本(95.42)物质资本(94.88)经济资本(94.23)人力资本(90.01),结构方面以社会资本占优型农户居多,占比40.49%,人力资本占优型的农户个数为0。(2)仅有35.26%的农户愿意投资秸秆还田,但投资意愿水平分布较为均衡,平均投资意愿约为5.62—15.94元/666.7m2·季。(3)自然资本(地形)、物质资本(家电数量)、人力资本(性别比例)、经济资本(收入稳定性和融资能力)和社会资本(制度信任)等水平的提升以及资本禀赋结构的优化均被证明可显著增强农户秸秆还田的投资意愿,可见农户秸秆还田投资意愿不高或因资本禀赋约束所致。由此提出了加强农户资本禀赋积累,优化农户资本禀赋结构的政策建议,以促进秸秆还田等绿色生产方式的推广应用。

Impact of capital endowment on peasants' willingness to invest in green production: Taking crop straw returning to the field as an example

As a typical green production method,crop straw returning to the field can promote not only pollution controlling but also resource recycling.However,in reality,peasants have not given positive response.Individual decision is usually faced with constraint of capital endowments.In order to explore whether peasants are also facing the same situation in crop straw returning to the field,based on theoretical analysis,this paper puts forward the hypothesis that the level and structure of capital endowments will influence peasants' willingness to invest in crop straw returning to field,and then according to the field survey data,it evaluates and discusses the level and structure of capital endowments and peasants' willingness to invest in straw returning by the Entropy Method and CVM.Finally,Probit and Tobit models are employed to test the impact of capital endowment on peasants' willingness to invest in straw returning.The result shows that:①There are significant differences of capital endowment level among peasants,and they can be sorted from high to low as follows:social capital (97.99) ＞ natural capital (95.42) ＞ material capital (94.88) ＞ economic capital (94.23) ＞ human capital (90.01).In terms of structure,the majority of peasants belong to the type of powerful social capital,accounted for 40.49％,while none of peasants pertains to the kind of powerful human capital.②In the crop straw returning to the field,only 35.26％ of peasants are willing to invest,but the distribution of investment level is relatively balanced,the average level of willingness to invest is around 5.62-15.94 yuan per mu for one crop.③The increase of natural capital (terrain),physical capital (home appliance number),human capital (gender ratio),economic capital (income stability and financing ability) and social capital (institutional trust) and the improvement of capital structure have been proved to play a positive role in promoting peasants' willingness to invest in straw returning,and it is highly possible that peasants' low willingness to invest in straw returning is due to the constraint of capital endowment.Thus some suggestions are put forward to improve capital accumulation and optimize of capital structure to promote the green agricultural production.