跨国气候伙伴关系治理及其对中国的启示

《巴黎协定》为全球应对气候变化确立了"自下而上"的治理路径,有助于增强各类行为体的参与动力,而后续的巴黎进程更适用于建立以跨国气候伙伴关系为代表的治理模式。在这一模式下,主要施动者是地方政府和包括气候NGO、市民社会在内的非国家行为体。他们不仅在议程设定、透明度、监督执行和代表利益攸关方等方面具有不可替代的作用,而且还具有擅长短期本土化项目管理等优势。本文从国际关系的跨国行为体视角出发,对这类伙伴关系的兴起及其合法性、有效性进行分析,所获得的基本结论为:(1)各国达成《巴黎协定》的内在逻辑有助于跨国伙伴关系发挥作用;(2)当前跨国气候伙伴关系参与全球气候治理的路径呈现不断制度化的趋势;(3)跨国伙伴关系治理的合法性和有效性具有一定特殊性;(4)非国家行为体在参与治理的过程中逐渐交叉,更易形成联盟且相关的观念外溢也更为便利。这一新兴治理关系对中国的启示包括:(1)重新审视非国家行为体在全球气候治理中的作用;(2)评估一些具有重大影响力的跨国伙伴关系,并适当鼓励国内相关机构和组织参与全球进程;(3)在国内层面,以渐进的方式,有针对性地参与、建立一些跨国气候伙伴关系,有助于提升中国的城市与地方政府的气候治理能力;(4)在国际合作中,利用非国家行为体的优势推动中国所提出的南南气候合作倡议及相关项目的落实,进一步提升中国气候治理的话语权,并弥补资金、技术及能力建设上的不足。

The rise of transnational climate partnership governance and insights for China's participation

The Paris Agreement establishes a'bottom-up'approach of mitigation path for global climate governance and also mobilizes the participation of various actors.In general,future climate process will be more conducive to the development of emerging governing models such as transnational climate partnerships.This is because non-state actors have an irreplaceable role not only in agenda setting,transparency,implementation and representation of stakeholders,but also are good at short-term localized projects.In this paper,from the perspective of transnational actors,it analyzes the impact of partnership,its legitimacy and effectiveness.The basic conclusions are as follows:①the intemal logic of the Paris Agreement will help transnational partnerships play more important roles;②there is a rapid trend that transnational partnerships in international climate governance move on the institutional path;③publicprivate partnerships may strengthen climate governance in terms of legitimacy and effectiveness;④non-state actors are in the process of shaping networks,so NGO coalition and spillovers are more convenient.There are some good insights for China's participation in the future:①to re-examine the role of non-state actors in climate governance;②China could carry out experimental climate cooperation through progressive engagement with some well-established partnerships;③domestically,in the collaboration,China thus may improve its climate govemance and achieve mutual gains particularly for Chinese cities;④internationally,to use the advantages of non-state actors to promote China's South-South climate cooperation initiatives and the implementation of related projects.