西部大开发十五年环境效率评价及其影响因素分析

西部大开发政策实施以来,西部地区实现了快于东部和中部的经济增长。正确认识西部地区经济增长中的环境成本,评价西部地区的环境效率具有重要意义。本文运用考虑非期望产出的超效率SBM模型测算了2000—2014年西部大开发以来的环境效率。研究发现:西部地区环境效率偏低,处于相对无效状态。西部地区环境效率明显低于传统效率,经济增长付出了较高的环境代价。西部大开发以来传统效率与环境效率之间的差距呈现先扩大后缩小的"倒U"型走势变化。西部地区省份环境效率在全国排名靠后,各省份的环境效率呈现出差异化的发展态势,其中重庆和四川排名不断提升,新疆排名逐步回落,内蒙古和广西在西部地区排名相对靠前且比较稳定,云南和陕西一直处于中间水平,贵州、甘肃、青海、宁夏排名相对靠后。西部地区环境效率2000—2003年上升,2004—2010年不断下降,2010—2014年趋于平稳。西部地区环境效率低于东部地区且差距大,也低于中部地区和全国平均水平。通过收敛性检验发现,西部地区各省份间的环境效率差距呈现先缩小后扩大的趋势;西部地区与东部地区间的环境效率差距逐渐扩大,与中部地区间的环境效率差距先扩大后缩小。本文同时采用了Tobit模型进行面板回归,实证分析了西部地区环境效率的影响因素。结果表明:经济发展水平、科学技术水平、能源消费结构、环保投资力度对西部地区环境效率具有显著影响;产业结构变化和对外开放程度对西部地区环境效率影响不显著;西部地区存在环境效率的库兹涅茨曲线。

Analysis of environmental efficiency and its determinants in the development of the western regions in China during the past fifteen years

The western regions in China have achieved faster economic growth than the eastern and central regions since the western regions development policies.How to correctly understand the environmental costs in economic growth of the western regions and to evaluate the environmental efficiency has a great significance.This paper measured the environmental efficiency of the western regions from 2000 to 2014 by the super-efficiency SBM model which considering the unexpected outputs.The research results showed that the environmental efficiency of the western regions was low,in the state of relatively inefficient.The environmental efficiency of the western regions was lower than the traditional efficiency.It meant that the economic growth in the western regions paid high environmental costs.The gap between the traditional efficiency and environmental efficiency experienced ‘ inverted U'type trend change that enlarged at first and then narrowed.The western provinces got lower ranking in the national environmental efficiency ranking,and the environmental efficiency of the western provinces presented differentiated developing trend.The ranking of Chongqing and Sichuan continually moved up,the ranking of Xinjiang dropped gradually,Inner Mongolia and Guangxi ranked in the top and ranked steadily,Yunnan and Shanxi maintained ranking in the middle level,while Guizhou,Gansu,Qinghai and Ningxia were always in the low ranking.The environmental efficiency of the western regions rose from 2000 to 2003,declined gradually in 2004-2010 and then stablized.The environmental efficiency of the western regions was lower than the eastern regions with a big gap,also lower than the central regions and the national average environmental efficiency.Through the convergence test,it is found that the difference of environmental efficiency between the western provinces enlarged at first and then narrowed,the environmental efficiency gap between the western regions and the eastern regions gradually expanded,and the environmental efficiency gap between the central regions and the western regions also enlarged at first and then reduced.Based on panel data,we also tested the determinants of the environmental efficiency in the western regions by using the Tobit model to do regression analysis.The empirical results showed that level of economic development,level of science and technology,energy consumption structure,environmental protection investments have significant impacts on the environmental efficiency in the western regions,the influences of industrial structure and the degree of opening-up to the environmental efficiency in the western regions were not significant,and the environmental efficiency in the western regions had kuznets curve.