电网发展、清洁电源接入与地区能源效率

鉴于我国已经建成全球规模最大的超高压和特高压电网,彻底弥补了电力跨区配置的电网基础设施短板,并且为清洁电源并入电网和跨区消纳提供了完善的基础设施,不仅克服我国电力负荷中心和能源基地的区域布局不协调,而且有益于缓解日益严峻的能源利用率低下和环境污染问题。本文利用1991—2012年全国29个省市面板数据实证研究了清洁电源并网对地区全要素能源效率的影响。为保证实证结果稳健性分别在线性和非线性实证框架下采用系统广义矩估计(SYS-GMM)和面板平滑转换模型(PSTR)两种方法估计了清洁电源接入高压、超高压和特高压电网的地区全要素能源效率异质性效应。实证结果显示:(1)我国电网基础设施对地区全要素能源效率具有明显的增进效应,特别是超高压电网在促进全要素能源效率提升上表现的最为突出,在特高压骨干网架尚未形成的情况下起到了支柱性作用。(2)高压、超高压、特高压与清洁电源交互项的估计系数始终位于负数区间,反映清洁电源并网的能源效率绩效并不明显,受限于并网规模和机制缺陷,还没有发挥出全要素能源效率提升作用。(3)随着人均GDP的不断提高,各等级电网对地区能源效率的益处越来越明显,并且存在着门槛效应。(4)特高压电网对地区能源效率的积极作用主要表现在东部沿海高收入省份,这些省份作为电力消费负荷中心,大规模接入清洁电源对能源效率改善裨益明显。接下来,需要根据地区的能源禀赋结构选择清洁电源的并网模式,完善的电网基础设施、合理的电源结构还需要配置以高效的清洁电源并网机制才能不断增进地区全要素能源效率。

Grid development,clean power accession and regional energy efficiency

In view of the fact that China has built the world's largest extra-high voltage (EHV) and ultrabigh voltage (UHV) power grid,which completely make up for the imperfect of grid infrastructure,and provide the perfect infrastructure for clean power accessing grid and cross regional consumption,not only to overcome regional distribution of power load center and the energy base is not harmonious,but also good to alleviate the increasingly serious problem of low efficiency and environmental pollution with using of energy.In this paper,we use the panel data of 29 provinces and cities nationwide in 1991-2012 to study the influence of the grid connection on the total factor energy efficiency.In order to ensure the robustness of the empirical results using the System GMM Estimation (SYS-GMM) and panel smooth transition model (PSTR) in linear and nonlinear empirical framework respectively to estimate the heterogeneity total factor energy efficiency effect of clean power accessing HV,EHV and UHV power grid.The empirical results show that:Firstly,China's power grid infrastructure has obvious improvement effect on regional total factor energy efficiency,especially in EHV power grid to promote the total factor energy efficiency on the performance of the most prominent,which has not yet formed in the backbone grid of UHV conditions play a pillar role.Secondly,the coefficient of pressure estimation EHV,UHV and clean power interaction terms are always located in the negative range,reflecting the performance of energy efficiency for clean power accessing grid is not obvious,due to the defects of grid scale and mechanism,have not shown the total factor energy efficiency lifting effect.Third,with continuous improvement of the per capita GDP,the level of power grids more and more obviously improving regional energy efficiency,and there is threshold effect.Fourth,the positive effect of the UHV power grid on regional energy efficiency mainly exists in the eastern coastal high income provinces,those provinces as the power consumption load center,cleaner power large-scale accessing to EHV and UHV benefitting significantly on energy efficiency improvement.Next,we need select the pattern of clean power accessing to grids according to the need of energy endowment structure,and reasonable power grid infrastructure,improving the structure of the power grid are also can improve the efficiency of regional total factor energy efficiency.