海底可燃冰开发环境风险多元共治之论证与路径展开

有效规制海底可燃冰开发伴生的多种类型生态环境风险,是保障可燃冰产业健康发展的内在需求。本文的主要目的即在中国现行法律体系规定的多元共治的环境法治理念和制度框架下,研究海底可燃冰开发环境风险多元共治的理论基础、现实必要性及其制度路径。文章主要运用类型化方法来梳理与归纳海底可燃冰开发引致环境风险的具体类型;运用理论分析与价值分析方法,论证海底可燃冰开发环境风险多元共治的必要性;运用法教义学分析、比较分析与系统分析方法,检视与剖析我国传统行政管制模式下的制度体系在规制海底可燃冰开发环境风险中的绩效与利弊,归纳与展开海底可燃冰开发环境风险多元共治的制度路径。本文的基本结论是,传统环境管制模式难以有效治理海底可燃冰开发引致的新型环境风险,当前我国所创新的环境多元共治模式,可以矫正政府单维管制海底可燃冰开发环境风险中的缺陷、弥补"监管之法"在规制海底可燃冰开发环境风险中的疏漏、克服单一行政命令方式在规制海底可燃冰开发环境风险中的困境,系统构建海底可燃冰开发环境风险多元治理体系。在完善行政监管和推进私人治理两个层面对海底可燃冰开发环境风险多元共治的基础上提出具体建议。在完善行政监管层面,我国《环境保护法》《海洋环境保护法》等法律规范经过拓展解释适用,仍然因为规制路径的间接性、零散性而产生内生弊端,亟待专门立法;在推进私人治理层面,多元共治机制分为多元主体参与机制与诉讼机制,应重视通过鼓励环保公益组织、可燃冰行业协会与私人等多元主体采取多元参与和私益诉讼方式,以发挥其在规制海底可燃冰开发环境风险中的综合效用。

Multi-governing of environmental risk in exploiting seabed gas hydrates

Effective regulation of the multiple types of ecological environmental risks associated with the development of gas hydrate in the seabed is the internal demand to ensure the healthy development of gas hydrate industry.The paper aims to study the theoretical basis of environmental risk multi-governing in the development of gas hydrate industry,practical necessity and its own institutional paths on the concept and system of environmental rule by law under the present legal system of China.This paper mainly uses the typed method to sort and conclude the specific types of environmental risk caused by gas hydrate exploitation in seabed.By means of theoretical analysis and value analysis,this paper demonstrates the necessity of environmental risk in the development of gas hydrate in the seabed.Through the methodology of doctrinal analysis,comparative analysis and systematic analysis,the paper examines and analyzes the performance,advantages and disadvantages of the system under the exiting Chinese administrative control model in the regulation of the risks in the development of gas hydrate environmental risks,it concludes and expands the system path of environmental risk.The basic conclusion is that the existing environmental control model is difficult to effectively control the new environmental risks caused by gas hydrate development,China's innovative environmental diversification model can correct the deficiencies in the government one-dimensional control gas hydrate risk,make up the ‘ regulatory law’ in the regulation of the environmental risk of gas hydrate,and overcome the single administrative order in the regulation of the environmental risk of gas hydrate.The multi-governing model should be systematized to avoid the environmental risk in exploiting seabed gas hydrate.This paper puts forward to specific proposals from improving administrative supervision and promoting private governance to expand environmental risk multi-governing of exploiting seabed gas hydrate.We should perfect the administration and supervision.The legal norms such as Environmental Protection Law and Marine Environment Protection Law have been expanded and applied,but there are endogenous defects due to the indirect and scattered nature of regulation path,which needs special legislation urgently.In the promotion of private governance,pluralistic commentaries governance mechanism is divided into multi-participation mechanism and litigation mechanism.We should attach importance to the comprehensive utility of environmental protection organizations,gas hydrate industry associations and private individuals in dealing with the environmental risk in exploiting seabed gas hydrate by participating in environmental governance and instituting lawsuits against environmental tort.