基于适度人口容量的生态文明城市建设研究——以广东省惠州市为例

生态文明城市是新型城镇化建设的目标,是实现经济发展、民生改善与生态保护协调统一的最佳方式。适度的人口容量、科学的城市规划和有效的城市治理是避免和减轻城市病的根本途径。本文从生态经济学和系统工程学跨学科的视角出发,构建了一个基于适度人口容量,人口流动和城乡均衡发展的生态文明城市建设路径的理论分析框架,并以广东省惠州市为例,根据土地功能定位和主体功能区定位,分别测算了惠州市的适度人口容量;基于人口自然变动和人口机械变动的趋势,预测了惠州市未来人口发展状况。研究发现,惠州市常住人口已略微超过基于土地功能定位测算的适度人口容量,但基于主体功能定位的人口密度模型测算表明,惠州市未来人口发展规模远低于适度人口容量,进而从总体上剖析了惠州市生态文明城市建设中适度人口容量和人口均衡发展方面带有普遍性的问题和原因。由此,揭示出生态文明城市的创建,必须基于人口承载力,走动态规划调控路子,协同推进经济建设、民生改善、生态保护、环境优化和制度改革,真正地促进流动人口市民化、城乡公共服务均等化和社会保障公平化。

Research on the construction of eco-civilized cities based on moderate population capacity:a case study of Huizhou City,Guangdong Province

Building eco-civilized cities is the goal of the new urbanization construction,and it is the best way to realize the harmonization between economic development,the improvement of the people's livelihood and the ecological protection.Appropriate population capacity,scientific urban planning and effective urban governance are the fundamental ways to avoid and alleviate urban diseases.Starting from the interdisciplinary perspective of eco-economics and systems engineering,this paper constructs a theoretical analysis framework based on the construction of eco-civilized cities which possess moderate population capacity,moderate population flow and balanced development of urban and rural areas.Taking Huizhou City of Guangdong Province as an example,this paper estimates the moderate population capacity of Huizhou according to the land function positioning and the main functional areas positioning respectively.Besides,this paper also predicts the future population development in Huizhou based on the trend of population natural change and population mechanical change.It is found that the permanent resident population of Huizhou has slightly surpassed the moderate population capacity predicted using the land function positioning.However,results also show that the future population development scale of Huizhou is far lower than its moderate population capacity when applying the population density model based on main functional areas positioning.Furthermore,this paper analyzes the general problems and causes of the moderate population capacity and the balanced development of population in the construction of eco-civilized city in Huizhou from overall perspective.Therefore,it is revealed that the establishment of eco-civilized cities must be based on population carrying capacity.We should not only take the dynamic planning control approach,improve the people's livelihood,and coordinately promote economic construction,ecological protection,environmental optimization and the system reform.Besides,we should also promote the citizenization of the floating population,equalization of public service in urban and rural areas and equity of social security.