城市自然景区游客环境责任行为影响因素研究

城市自然景区是城市中不可多得的旅游资源和游憩空间,游客旅游行为对城市自然景区的游憩冲击一直是城市旅游管理亟待解决的棘手问题,研究游客的环境责任行为是控制游憩负面冲击,增强城市自然景区可持续发展能力的有效途径。本研究在国内外文献综述和实践观察基础上,将游客社会责任意识引入游客环境冲击感知和环境责任行为的关系研究中,建立了包含生态环境冲击感知、不友善行为感知、游客冲突感知和设施管理冲击感知四个游憩冲击感知变量,自我约束行为和保护促进行为两个环境责任行为变量的"游憩冲击感知—社会责任意识—环境责任行为"理论模型,应用问卷调查和结构方程模型,以长沙岳麓山国家5A级景区为案例,对城市自然景区游客环境责任行为的影响因素及其相互关系展开定量实证研究。研究发现:(1)游客游憩冲击感知对环境责任行为的直接影响作用较小,生态环境冲击感知对环境保护促进行为具有显著正向影响;(2)游客社会责任意识对环境自我约束行为具有显著正向影响,其在游客环境冲击感知、设施管理冲击感知、游客冲突感知与环境责任行为的影响关系中起中介作用;(3)游客冲击感知对社会责任意识的影响主要表现为游客生态环境冲击感知和设施管理冲击感知对游客社会责任意识具有显著的正向影响,而游客冲突感知对游客社会责任意识具有显著的负向影响。根据研究结论,文章最后指出城市自然景区游客环境责任行为若干管理启示。

Research on the influencing factors of tourists' environmental responsibility behavior in urban natural scenic spots

The urban natural scenic spot is the cherished tourism attraction and outdoor recreation space in a city.With the number of tourists growing rapidly year by year,the recreation impact in urban natural scenic spot becomes a urgent issue to be solved for urban tourism and recreation administrators.Researching on visitors' responsibility behavior is an effective and necessary way to control the recreation impacts and promote sustainable development.Based on the literature reviews and investigation in practice,this study introduced social responsibility awareness of tourists into the relationship between tourists' recreation impact perception and environmentally responsible behavior,and established a theoretical model of recreation impact perception,social responsibility and environmentally responsible behavior,including ecological environment impact perception (EEIP),depreciative behavior perception (DBP),tourists conflict perception (TCP) and facility management impact perception (FMIP) as the variables of tourists' impact perception,and self-discipline behaviors,and protection and promotion behavior as the variables of tourist environment responsibility behavior.Taking the Yuelu Mountain National 5A Tourists Attraction in Changsha as an example,the empirical analysis has been done by using questionnaire survey and structural equation model (SEM).The results showed:First,tourists' recreation impact perception affected environmental responsibility behavior indirectly through the social responsibility consciousness in general,and the direct impact was weak.But tourists' ecological environment impact perception had a positive effect on protection-promoting behavior.Second,tourists' awareness of social responsibility had a significant positive effect on self-discipline behavior,which played a mediating role in the relationships among tourist ecological environmental impact perception,facilities management perception,tourist conflict perception and environmental responsibility behavior.Third,tourists' ecological environment impact perception and facility management impact perception had significant positive impacts on tourists' awareness of social responsibility,while the tourists' conflict perception significantly affected tourists' awareness of social responsibility negatively.According to the research results,some constructive implications and measures for tourists' behavior management in urban natural scenic areas were pointed out finally.