基于资源-技术-环境的高技术城市矿产战略性筛选

城市矿产中蕴含大量的高技术矿产,它们是战略性新兴产业发展的关键原材料。本文从中国国情出发,界定了涵盖新能源技术、通讯设备、交通工具、电池、电器电子产品等5大类共计27种高技术城市矿产,从资源、技术、环境三个维度设计了11项指标,对高技术城市矿产进行战略性筛选;并通过半定量化不确定性分析方法确定研究结果的可靠性。结果显示:(1)从资源-技术两维度看,电器电子产品用电池资源指数高,且技术相对成熟;动力汽车电池资源指数值略低,但未来开发潜力大。(2)从资源-环境两维度看,电池是拆解处置重点。(3)从资源-技术-环境三维度来看,高技术城市矿产可以分为四个梯队:高资源指数、高技术指数、高环境指数的"三高"梯队,包括EEE用镍氢电池、EEE用镍镉电池、EEE用锂离子电池;中高资源指数、中高技术指数、中高环境指数的"三中高"梯队,包括手机和动力汽车电池;低资源指数、低技术指数、中高环境指数的"二低一中高"梯队,包括风涡轮机、荧光灯、动力汽车永磁电机和电话机;资源指数、技术指数、环境指数都相对较低的"三低"梯队,包括电器电子产品和光伏电板。此外,随着时间的推移,筛选结果会发生动态变化,因此高技术城市矿产的战略性筛选是一个持续动态的评估过程,需要建立与之相适应的"开发一批、储备一批、谋划一批"的动态管理系统。基于研究结论,本文从高技术城市矿产的基础数据库建立、重点开发目录制定与调整、在线回收与交易平台构建、拆解技术储备以及可持续供应体系建立等方面提出了建议。

Strategic screening of high-tech urban minerals based on resource,technology and environment index

High-tech minerals are essential to strategic emerging industries, and urban mines have become principle potential reservoirs of secondary high-tech mineral resources.First, based on China's status quo, this paper classifies 27 kinds of high-tech urban mines in five categories, green energy technology, communication devices, vehicles, batteries and EEEs.Then a model of 11 indices under three factors, resource index (RI), technology index (TI) and environment index (EI) is developed to evaluate high-tech urban mines to understand their reliability and determine their potential for high-tech minerals recovery.Moreover, a semi-quantitative analysis is used to evaluate the data uncertainty.The results of RI-TI show that, EEE batteries have highest score in RI and TI, and EV batteries have relatively low RI score but with great future potentials.The results of RI-EI suggest that batteries exhibit significant potential for recovery to ease dual-pressure of resources and environment of high-tech minerals.The results of RI-TI-EI indicate that high-tech urban mines are divided into four echelons.High-tech urban mines in the first echelon have high scores in all three index, including Ni-MH batteries in EEEE, NiCd batteries in EEE, Li-ion batteries in EEE.Those in the second echelon have middle scores in all three index, including cell phone, smart phones and batteries in EV.In the third echelon they have low scores in RI and TI and middle score in EI, including wind turbines, fluorescent lamps, spent vehicles and telephones.And in the fourth echelon, high-tech urban mines have low scores in all three index, including E-wastes and PV panels.Notably, as strategic screening results will change as time flows, a dynamic management system of 'developing-reserving-scheming' should be built to respond the continuous and changing screening.Based on the results, this paper puts forward some suggestions for recycling high-tech urban minerals, such as constructing foundation database, establishing and adjusting key development catalogue, building online platform of recycling and trading, reserving dismantling and recycling technology, and realizing sustainable supply.