应对气候变化需以生态文明理念构建全球技术合作体系

气候变化是人类发展过程中遇到的最大全球性环境问题,也是最大的外部性问题。IPCC报告显示,实现本世纪末温度升高不超过2度的目标,需要全球经济和能源系统深度的低碳转型,并在本世纪下半叶达到温室气体的净零排放。应对气候变化因此面临着前所未有的技术创新与合作需求。2015年底达成的《巴黎协定》提出了落实技术开发与转让的长期愿景,主张对气候变化领域的技术创新给予政策和资金支持,使发展中国家在技术周期的早期阶段就能够获取必要的技术,从而为实现全球应对气候变化提供保障。然而,基于工业文明的传统技术创新与合作模式难以满足保护全球气候的技术需求。减缓与适应技术是气候变化挑战下全球命运共同体的公共财富。为保证其足够的供应,必须超越追求私人利益最大化的狭隘,基于生态文明理念构建全球应对气候变化的新型技术合作体系。其核心是:实现多赢的合作目标,遵循"生态人"的合作原则,体现协同的合作内容,基于互信的合作形式,鼓励多元主体的参与,促进合作成果的分享。中国作为新兴发展中大国,对应对气候变化技术国际合作有多元的利益需求。为有效落实《巴黎协定》,亟需以加速国际合作为契机,积极谋划中国应对气候变化技术对外合作的总体方略和具体行动,有针对性地制定与发达国家、其他发展中国家及欠发达国家间优势互补的合作计划,探索并引导"南-北-南"三方技术合作等新形式。

Addressing climate change demands to build a global technological cooperation system based on the ecological civilization philosophy

Climate change has been considered the paramount global environmental problem throughout the history of human development and also the biggest externalities.The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) reports indicate that a substantial low-carbon transformation of the global economy and energy systems must be realized and that a net zero greenhouse gas emission must be achieved in the second half of the current century.The goal of these initiatives is to attain the goal of temperature rise not exceeding 2° at the end of this century.Accordingly,the world is facing unprecedented technological innovation and collaborative demands to deal with climate change.In the 2015 Paris Agreement,a long-term vision of technology development and transfer implementation was proposed,and policy and financial support for technological innovation in the area of climate change was advocated.These proposals aim to enable developing countries to acquire the necessary technology in the early stage of the technology cycle to address the global effects of climate change.However,the traditional technological innovation and cooperation mode based on industrial civilization can hardly meet the technical demands of global climate protection.Mitigation and adaptation technology is the common instrument of global communities to address the challenge of climate change.To ensure the continuous development of technology,a pursuit of private maximum interest must be abandoned and a new global technical cooperation system should be developed based on the philosophy of ecological civilization to deal with climate change.The core contents of this system are as follows:to implement all-win cooperation targets,follow cooperation principles of Eco-man,adopt cooperation content that reflects synergy,pursue cooperation based on mutual trust,encourage participation of multiple actors,and pursue cooperation and accomplishment sharing.As an emerging developing country,China has special interest for international technological cooperation to address the effects of climate change.The following measures are necessary to implement the Paris Agreement effectively:As an opportunity to speed up the international cooperation,actively implement China's general strategies and take concrete actions to deal with climate change;improve China's capability in foreign technological cooperation;pursue international and domestic cooperation in basic measurement,data statistics,and other areas related to climate change technology;actively promote China's cooperation with developed countries,other developing countries,and less developed countries regarding climate change technology;and explore the'South-North-South'tripartite technical cooperation programs and other new forms of cooperation.