“一带一路”战略背景下金属产业国际产能合作研究

随着全球经济发展放缓,金属资源国内需求结构变化,资源约束压力、产能过剩等问题更加突出。如何通过国际产能合作化解金属产业难题是亟待解决的一个现实问题。本文从中国金属产业的现状出发,借鉴美、日产能转移的成功经验,在"一带一路"战略的大背景下探索适合中国金属产业开展产能合作的新模式并提出相应的政策建议。研究认为,中国已成为世界金属生产和消费大国且工业化进入中后期,具有进行国际产能合作的现实需求,"一带一路"战略为中国金属产能国际转移带来了历史契机。这种契机主要表现在沿线国家的基础设施建设热潮带来全球金属资源消费新的增长点,中国主导的"一带一路"战略构建了一种新型地缘政治格局,既能增强中国在沿线国家中的贸易话语权,也为中国开展国际产能合作提供了条件。研究指出,在"一带一路"战略下,中国金属产业的产能转移应以"互利共赢"为基础创新产能合作模式:即以产能合作推动产能转移,达到产业互补经济互惠的目的;以产能输出取代产品输出,有效回避西方国家针对中国的"双反"政策;以基础设施援建消化部分产能,在帮助沿线国家发展基础设施建设的同时消化自身部分富余产能。在合作策略上,应注重六个方面:一是充分利用"一带一路"的战略合作关系;二是实施低端转移高端做强的策略方针;三是全方位开放和深化产能合作;四是开展境外产业园区建设和有色金属精深加工工程;五是大力鼓励民营资本参与;六是创新金属矿业投资模式。

International production capacity cooperation of metal industry

With the global economic slowdown and the change in demand structure of domestic metal resource, the pressure from resource constraint, excessive production capacity and some other problems become more serious.How to solve these problems of metal industry by international production capacity cooperation which is a practical problem needed to be solved.Based on the current situation of Chinese metal industry, this paper learns from the successful experience of the international capacity transfer in Japan and the U.S.in order to explore a new mode of international production capacity cooperation for Chinese metal industry and put forward corresponding policy recommendations.The research suggests that China is a production and consumption super-country in terms of metal resource all over the world and steps in the middle and later period of industrialization, and as a result, China needs to find a way to carry out international production capacity cooperation of metal industry.In addition, 'the Belt and Road'(B&R) strategy creates a historical opportunity for international production capacity cooperation of Chinese metal industry.On the one hand, the countries along the 'B&R' need to build base installations that bring a new consumer point for global metal resource.On the other hand, 'B&R' which is guided by China would build a new geopolitical layout which can not only enhance speaking right of China in international trade but also provides conditions for China to develop international production capacity cooperation.The research indicates that under the background of 'B&R' strategy, Chinese metal industry should follow the new production capacity cooperation mode which is based on 'win-win' principle: using production capacity cooperation to drive capacity transfer thus to achieve the goal of industry mutual complementary and economic reciprocity;using capacity output instead of product output to avoid dual anti policy;using infrastructure aid to help relevant countries to develop their infrastructure construction meanwhile to dig tour surplus capacity.In terms of cooperation strategy, six respects should be noticed: taking full advantage of 'B&R' strategy cooperation relations;implementing the strategy of 'transferring low end and making high end stronger';opening and deepening production capacity cooperation in a full range;building overseas industrial park and carrying out intensive processing project of nonferrous metals;encouraging private capacity to participate in;innovating investment pattern of metallic ore.