中国城市包容度与流动人口的社会融合

当前中国流动人口规模、流向、结构、流动模式和群体利益诉求都在发生深刻变化,滋生出一系列经济社会发展的重大问题,其中社会融合问题受到各界最广泛关注。社会融合问题从城市层面看就是"城市包容度"问题,该命题新、难度大、范围广,国内外研究成果较少。本研究以此为核心,创新性构建了以社会保险参加情况、劳动权益保障程度、公共服务享受范围为主要准则的城市包容度综合指标体系,运用主成分分析法合成"城市包容度综合指数",进而通过非线性离散选择模型探讨流动人口长期居住意愿、落户难度、就业稳定度与城市包容度指标之间的相关关系。基于国家卫生计生委流动人口动态监测数据(2013—2014年)开展研究,主要结论为:中国城市包容度水平越高的城市,流动人口长期居住意愿越强、落户越容易、就业越稳定。进而提出政策建议:建立完善的城市流动人口服务和安置政策体系,直接和间接促进流动人口社会融合;形成有效融合机制,实现居民福利最大化及城市协同发展;制定科学的产业政策和户籍制度,引导匹配城市产业结构的人口流入,实现合理布局;结合顶层设计与基层探索,实现城市包容性增长与制度改进。本文归纳总结出"两个新体系":建立了城市包容度综合指数测算体系,及应用城市包容度指数定量研究的范式体系。

Urban inclusiveness and the social inclusion of internal migrants in China

How to help the migrants integrate into the urban society,i.e.,the problem of'urban inclusiveness' s of great importance to China's urbanization and national development.Given China's specific regulatory context of domestic migration,this article constructed an urban inclusiveness index based on social insurance,labor protection,and public service based on principal component analysis.Employing the Dynamic Monitoring and Investigation Data of China's Internal Migration (2013-2014) from the National Health and Family Planning Commission of China,it is found that the urban inclusiveness index was positively correlated with migrants' willingness of seeking long-term residence in cities,urban household registration,and employment.It put forward four policy suggestions.First,more public service and systematic resettlement assistance should be provided to migrants.Second,an effective integration mechanism should be built to maximize the welfare of residents and achieve urban development.Third,there should be coordination between urban industrial development policy and migration policy for optimized human resource allocation.Last,urban inclusive development depends on the combined effectiveness of national and local policies.This study contributes to the literature by constructing an urban inclusiveness composite index in the Chinese context and developing methods to apply the urban inclusiveness index in quantitative studies.