中国旅游业碳生产率区域差异及其格局演变:1995—2014

利用"自下而上"法核算1995—2014年中国大陆30个省(市、区)旅游业碳生产率,采用标准差、变异系数等指标衡量旅游业碳生产率区域差异,并通过空间自相关分析探讨中国旅游业碳生产率区域差异格局演变特征。结果表明:1995—2014年中国旅游业碳生产率总体呈增长趋势,但增长幅度不大,其年均增长率为2.07%,旅游业碳生产率具体数值由1995年的1.120 1万元/t增长至2014年的1.653 0万元/t;旅游业碳生产率区域差异明显,但区域绝对差异和区域相对差异均逐步缩小;旅游业碳生产率空间分布不均,总体呈东高西低的空间格局;旅游业碳生产率的空间分布存在显著正空间自相关性,以及局部的不连续性;旅游业高碳生产率集聚区域主要分布在华北地区,以北京、天津、河北为主要代表;旅游业低碳生产率集聚区域主要分布在西北地区,以新疆、青海和陕西为主要代表;中国旅游业碳生产率整体水平较低,多数省区位于旅游业低碳生产率行列,研究期内旅游业低碳生产率的区域重心逐渐由西部向中部转移。基于上述结论,本文提出针对性建议:政府应制定低碳旅游相关的系列标准规范、行动方案以及保障性政策等,同时应加大对先进低碳技术和低碳设备的引进与推广;各省区应秉持低碳发展理念并将其融入目的地开发与管理之中;旅游企业应积极利用新能源、新材料和新技术,研发低碳旅游系列产品与服务;加大宣传生态环保理念,引导旅游者树立低碳旅游意识,优先选择低碳旅游景区和低碳出行方式,自觉抵制高碳排旅游活动。

Regional difference and spatial pattern evolution of tourism carbon productivity in China in the period of 1995-2014

Based on the bottom-up method,this paper estimates the tourism carbon productivity of China's thirty provinces from 1995 to 2014.Then this research examines the regional difference of tourism carbon productivity with the standard deviation and variation coefficient.Finally,this paper explores the spatial pattern's evolution characteristics of regional difference of tourism carbon productivity in China by the means of spatial auto-correlation analysis.Findings show that the tourism carbon productivity had increased modestly during 1995-2014 in China,with the 2.07％ average annual growth.Specifically,the tourism carbon productivity increased from 11 201 Yuan/t in 1995 to 16 530 Yuan/t in 2014.There were obvious regional differences in tourism carbon productivity,and both the absolute and relative regional difference had gradually narrowed down.The nonuniform tourism carbon productivity distribution showed that the overall spatial pattern was high in the eastern China and low in the western China.There was significant positive spatial auto-correlation and local discontinuity in the spatial distribution of tourism carbon productivity in China.The areas with high-level tourism carbon productivity were mainly distributed in northern China,such as Beijing,Tianjin and Hebei,and those with low-level tourism carbon productivity were mainly distributed in northwestern China,such as Xinjiang,Qinghai and Shaanxi.The overall level of carbon productivity in China's tourism was low,and the majority of provinces were at the low-level rank.The key areas with low tourism carbon productivity had been shifted from west to middle regions.Based on the conclusion above,this paper presents suggestions as below:the government should formulate low-carbon criterion,action plans and security policies,and need do more to introduce and generalize of the low-carbon technology and low-carbon device and at the meanwhile,the provincial governments should develop and administrate the destinations with low-carbon idea.Tourism companies should actively adopt the new energy,new material,and new technology to develop low-carbon products and services.We also should further advocate eco-tourism and raise tourists' eco-tourism awareness including encouraging them to give preference to low-carbon tourism attraction and low-carbon transportation and resisting high-carbon tourism activities conscientiously.