膜-生物反应器中微型动物变化与活性污泥状态相关性研究

近年来出现的膜-生物反应器(MBR)技术,是一种污水处理和回用的新型工艺。由于该工艺污泥停留时间长、污泥浓度高等特点,与常规活性污泥工艺差距较大,所以对反应器内的生物相监测是研究其处理机理的重要内容。笔者采用处理生活污水的MBR工艺连续流小试运行方式,结合生物学分析方法,对系统活性污泥混合液中的微型动物进行了连续跟踪监测。结果发现,微型动物优势种群及其数量随环境变化而波动,呈现一定的规律性。按照运行时间的顺序,游动型纤毛虫、红斑瓢体虫、轮虫及累枝钟虫、表壳虫,交替成为优势种群。系统内发生丝状菌污泥膨胀后,微型动物种类减少,主要优势种群为轮虫、累枝钟虫、表壳虫。微型动物在活性污泥中发挥吞食作用以控制系统内活性污泥总量的增长,而活性污泥的状态特性又会反作用于微型动物的生活过程及数量的变化过程。MBR系统中,微型动物与活性污泥整体之间是一种相互影响、相互作用的动态变化过程。 

Study of Correlation between Microbiota and Active Sludge in Membrane Bioreactor

Membrane bioreactor (MBR) is a new kind of technology in wastewater treatment and reuse. Because of the characteristics of long SRT and high sludge concentration in MBR compared with traditional active sludge process, the biomonitoring is a main parametric of the study of mechanism. The authors, combined with biological analysis methods, performed continuous monitoring on the microbiota in the sludge in MBR that was adopted to treat municipal sewage of laboratory test. It was found that the dominant microbiota population and number varied with the environment and changed in certain rule. The dominant population was alternate and in some order: running ciliated protozoa, tubifex, ciliated protozoa, rotifers and vorticella, then arcella. After filamentous bacterium bulking the number of microbiota decreased, and rotifers, epistylis and arcella became the main population. The microbiota ate sludge to limit the sludge content, and on the contrary the sludge controlled the microbiota either. In a word, the microbiota and active sludge affected each other, and in a dynamic balance.