广西百色植烟区土壤及烟株硼含量特征研究

为了科学补充烟田土壤硼元素,平衡土壤与烟株之间的硼营养,并最终改善烟叶品质,本研究选择广西百色靖西市壬庄乡史典村、化峒镇三友村及德保县燕峒乡那布村植烟区为研究对象,分析了烟株及其根系土壤的硼素含量特征。结果表明:(1)史典村土壤全量硼变化范围为35.23～90.47mg/kg,平均值为52.44±14.5mg/kg,处于中等水平;三友村变化范围为19.27～42.01mg/kg,平均值为28.26±6.72mg/kg,处于缺乏水平;那布村变化范围为84.28～130.71mg/kg,平均值为110.76±13.7mg/kg,处于丰富水平;(2)三块烟田上部烟叶硼含量处于适宜水平的占4.17%,其余均处于高含量水平;中部烟叶硼含量处于适宜水平的占20%,其余均处于高含量水平;三友村下部烟叶硼含量处于适宜水平的占60%,处于低水平及欠缺水平的占40%。三块烟田烟株的烟茎、上部及中部烟叶的钙硼比均低于1340,处于不缺硼状态;三友村下部烟叶钙硼比略高于1500,处于缺硼状态;(3)三块烟田烟株硼含量均为上部烟叶>中部烟叶>烟茎,两两之间具有显著性差异(P＜0.05),即硼在新生组织中含量较成熟组织高;(4)土壤pH与土壤硼含量及上部烟叶硼含量呈极显著负相关,与烟茎硼及中部烟叶硼含量呈显著负相关;上部烟叶硼含量与土壤硼含量呈极显著正相关,中部烟叶硼含量与土壤硼含量呈显著正相关,说明可在一定范围内改良土壤pH及调节土壤硼含量,以提升烤烟品质。

Characteristics of Boron Content in Soil and Tobacco from Tobacco Planting Area in Baise, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region

Tobacco is a lucrative crop. Solving the problem on the boron deficiency in tobacco field soil can improve the quality of tobacco leaves. Concentrations of boron in tobacco and their rhizosphere soil samples collected from three tobacco fields in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China were analyzed. Concentrations of total boron in soils from the Shidian village varied between 35.2 and 90.5 mg/kg, with an average of 52.4±14.5 mg/kg; varied between 19.3 and 42.0 mg/kg, with an average of 28.3±6.7 mg/kg from the Sanyou village field; varied between 84.3 and 130.7 mg/kg, with an average of 110.8±13.7 mg/kg from the Nabu village. A very small percentage (approximately 4%) of the upper leaf samples collected from the three fields with an appropriate concentration of boron, while about 96% of the upper leaf samples with high concentrations of boron. Twenty percent of the middle leaf samples were within the appropriate level, while 80% the middle leaf samples with high concentrations of boron. Sixty percent of the lower leaf samples from Sanyou village was within the appropriate level of boron, while 40% fell in the deficient range. Ratios of calcium to boron in the tobacco stem, upper leaf and middle leaf from three locations were all lower than 1 340 times, indicating that the boron was sufficient. However, ratios in the lower leaf samples from Sanyou village was slightly higher than 1 500, suggesting that the boron was deficient. Concentrations of boron were in an decreasing order of upper leaves, middle leaves and stems in three tobacco fields with a significant difference between any two of the three locations (P<0.05). The concentration of boron in the young tissue was higher than that of the mature tissue. Soil pH showed an extremely significant negative correlation with the concentration of soil total boron and upper leaves, and a significant negative correlation with the boron concentration in tobacco stem and middle leaves, respectively. The concentration of boron in the upper leaves showed an extremely significant positive correlation with the concentration of soil total boron, and the boron concentration in the middle leaves showed significantly positive correlation with the concentration of soil total boron, which indicated that by optimizing the pH value and ameliorating the soil total boron concentration within a certain range, the quality of flue-cured tobacco could be improved.