江苏沿海围垦对辐射沙脊群非使用价值的影响

江苏辐射沙脊群是世界上最大的潮间带辐射状沙脊群,拥有丰富的生物资源和独特的自然景观资源。在江苏沿海大开发的背景下,围垦沿海滩涂迅速进入全面实施阶段,并规划在2020年前完成18104 hm2围填海工程,工程的实施将会使沙脊群生物量减少,生物多样性和自然景观的美学价值降低。本文通过问卷调查的方式量化了2011年沙脊群生物多样性保护和景观保护的支付意愿,利用非使用价值损失评估方法,计算围垦对自然景观的损失为64.07亿元,生物多样性价值损失为8.36~9.31亿元,得出围填海对景观价值的损失明显高于生物多样性价值的损失。同时将沙脊群非使用价值损失纳入沿海围垦的成本效益分析,得到益本比应小于1.50,低于《江苏沿海滩涂围垦开发规划研究报告》的结论(2.15),表明现行的围垦效益分析夸大了经济效益,忽略了生态资源耗损和退化所造成的损失,本文研究反映的围垦开发活动成本效益更趋合理。此研究结果可为江苏省实施海洋生态补偿标准提供依据,对江苏沿海开发和管理有一定的参考意义。

Impact of coast reclamation on the non-use value of the radial sand ridge field in Jiangsu,China

The radial sand ridge field of Southern Yellow Sea is the largest intertidal radial sand ridge in the world,endowing abundant biological resources,wetland and unique natural landscape.According to the Jiangsu coastal development plan,around 18104 hm2 area will be reclaimed from the sea before 2020.The reclamation would reduce the biomass of the radial ridge field and decrease the biodiversity and the aesthetic value of natural landscape.This paper quantified the willingness to pay for conservation of the biodiversity and natural landscape through a questionnaire survey over local residents in 2011.We assessed the losses of Non-use value of biodiversity and natural landscape,being 64.07 billion and 8.36~9.31 billion,respectively.It concluded that the loss of natural landscape was significantly higher than that of biodiversity due to land reclamation in this area.Taking the non-use value into the cost-benefit analysis of coastal reclamation,it calculated that the ratio of the benefit was 1.50.The result was lower than the finding in the Preliminary Study of Development Plan on Jiangsu Coastal Reclamation (2.15).It revealed that the previous report had exaggerated the economic benefits of reclamation and ignored the loss of ecological resources.The results of this research would be more reasonable by considering the non-use value of biodiversity and natural landscape.This study can give data support for policy-making on the Jiangsu coastal development and ecological compensation,and provide a reference for similar regional studies.