上海城市污水处理厂中合成麝香的分布与来源解析

于2008年4月、7月、10月在上海12家污水处理厂采集了36个污泥样品,分析了其中合成麝香的浓度水平.结果表明,佳乐麝香(HHCB)和吐纳麝香(AHTN)的浓度变化范围为198~4828μg/kg、89~1455μg/kg,中值为1491,702μg/kg,是其中主要的污染物.分析合成麝香的主要污染来源,发现污泥中HHCB、AHTN主要来源于加香浓度高,使用后又能即刻进入污水的添香类日用品,如洗发水、沐浴露和洗衣粉等,贡献量占90%以上,特别是沐浴露和洗衣粉.利用这些日用品中合成麝香的浓度估算,上海地区居民人均对HHCB、AHTN的贡献量分别为0.33,0.06g/a,是欧洲和美国水平的10%~50%.估算了污水处理厂出水中HHCB、AHTN的最大浓度以及对水生生物的风险系数(RQs),表明目前上海污水处理厂出水中合成麝香对水生生物的风险影响较低.

Distribution and source analysis of synthetic musks in Shanghai sewage sludge

The distribution of synthetic musks in 36 sludge samples, which from 12 wastewater treatment plants in Shanghai in April, July and October, 2008, were analyzed. HHCB and AHTN were the dominant fragrances, whose concentrations ranged from 198mg/kg to 4828mg/kg (median: 1491mg/kg) and from 89mg/kg to 1455mg/kg (median: 702mg/kg) dry weight, respectively. The major sources of HHCB and AHTN were the household products in which high level of musks was added and rinsed immediately after use, including shampoos, body washes and laundry detergents. The three household products contributed over 90% of total amounts of HHCB and AHTN. Base on the HHCB and AHTN concentrations in household products, it was estimated that each inhabitant in Shanghai contributed 0.33 g HHCB/a and 0.06 g AHTN/a, which were 2- to 10-fold lower than those in Europe and U.S.. The maximum concentrations and risk quotients (RQ) of HHCB and AHTN in the effluents were estimated,the results suggested that the chemicals pose low potential risks to aquatic organisms.