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Effect of water treatment residuals on soil phosphorus, copper and aluminium availability and toxicity |
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| Authors: | E. Lombi D.P. Stevens M.J. McLaughlin |
| Affiliation: | a CSIRO Land and Water, Centre for Environmental Contaminant Research, PMB 2, Glen Osmond, SA 5064, Australia b Centre for Environmental Risk Assessment and Remediation, University of South Australia, Building X, Mawson Lakes Campus, Mawson Lakes, SA 5095, Australia c CRC CARE, PO Box 486, Salisbury, SA 5106, Australia d Arris Pty Ltd, PO Box 5143, Burnley, Victoria 3121, Australia e Soil and Land Systems, University of Adelaide, PMB 1, Glen Osmond, SA 5064, Australia |
| Abstract: | Water treatment residuals (WTRs) are produced by the treatment of potable water with coagulating agents. Beneficial recycling in agriculture is hampered by the fact that WTRs contain potentially toxic contaminants (e.g. copper and aluminium) and they bind phosphorus strongly. These issues were investigated using a plant bioassay (Lactuca sativa), chemical extractions and an isotopic dilution technique. Two WTRs were applied to an acidic and a neutral pH soil at six rates. Reductions in plant growth in amended soils were due to WTR-induced P deficiency, rather than Al or Cu toxicity. The release of potentially toxic Al from WTRs was found to be mitigated by their alkaline nature and pH buffering capacity. However, acidification of WTRs was shown to release more soluble Al than soil naturally high in Al. Copper availability was relatively low in all treatments. However, the lability of WTR-Cu increased when the WTR was applied to the soil. |
| Keywords: | Water treatment residual Aluminium Copper Phosphorus Phytoxicity |
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