Municipal solid waste management in Beijing City |
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| Authors: | Li Zhen-shan Yang Lei Qu Xiao-Yan Sui Yu-mei |
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| Institution: | 1. Department of Environmental Engineering, Peking University, The Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences, Ministry of Education, No. 5, Yi Heyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100871, China;2. The Key Laboratory for Environmental and Urban Sciences, Shenzhen Graduate School, Peking University, Shenzhen 518055, China;1. State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China;2. Beijing Engineering Research Center for Watershed Environmental Restoration & Integrated Ecological Regulation, Beijing 100875, China;3. Institute of Environmental Sciences, CML, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 2, 2333 CC Leiden, The Netherlands;4. Center for Social and Environmental Systems Research, National Institute for Environmental Studies (NIES), Onogawa 16-2, Tsukuba-City, Ibaraki 305-8506, Japan;5. Department of Sciences and Technologies, Parthenope University of Naples, Centro Direzionale—Isola C4, 80143 Naples, Italy;1. Department of Civil, Environmental and Mechanical Engineering, University of Trento, via Mesiano, 77, 38123 Trento, Italy;2. Department of Energy Production and Use, Politehnica University of Bucharest, 313 Splaiul Independentei, Bucharest 6 060042, Romania;1. Institute of Environmental and Water Studies, Birzeit University, Birzeit, Palestine;2. Laboratory of Heat Transfer and Environmental Engineering, Dpt. of Mechanical Engineering, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Box 483, 54006 Thessaloniki, Greece;3. Faculty of Graduate Studies, Birzeit University, Birzeit, Palestine;4. The Joint Services Council for Solid Waste Management for Hebron and Bethlehem Governorates (JSC-H&B), West Bank, Palestine;1. State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control (SKLESPC), School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 10084, China;2. Twente Centre for Studies in Technology and Sustainable Development (CSTM), School of Management and Governance, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands |
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| Abstract: | This paper presents an overview of municipal solid waste (MSW) management in Beijing City. Beijing, the capital of China, has a land area of approximately 1368.32 km2 with an urban population of about 13.33 million in 2006. Over the past three decades, MSW generation in Beijing City has increased tremendously from 1.04 million tons in 1978 to 4.134 million tons in 2006. The average generation rate of MSW in 2006 was 0.85 kg/capita/day. Food waste comprised 63.39%, followed by paper (11.07%), plastics (12.7%) and dust (5.78%). While all other wastes including tiles, textiles, glass, metals and wood accounted for less than 3%. Currently, 90% of MSW generated in Beijing is landfilled, 8% is incinerated and 2% is composted. Source separation collection, as a waste reduction method, has been carried out in a total of 2255 demonstration residential and commercial areas (covering about 4.7 million people) up to the end of 2007. Demonstration districts should be promoted over a wider range instead of demonstration communities. The capacity of transfer stations and treatment plants is an urgent problem as these sites are seriously overloaded. These problems should first be solved by constructing more sites and converting to new treatment technologies. Improvements in legislation, public education and the management of waste pickers are problematic issues which need to be addressed. |
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