Changes in cadmium mobility during composting and after soil application |
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Authors: | Ales Hanc Pavel Tlustos Jirina Szakova Jan Habart |
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Institution: | 1. College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province, 712100, China;2. Swedish Centre for Resource Recovery, University of Borås, Borås, 50190, Sweden;3. Centre for Innovation and Translational Research, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Lucknow, 226 001, India;4. Gujarat Pollution Control Board, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, 382010, India;1. Université de Lille, LGCgE-Lille 1, Ecologie Numérique et Ecotoxicologie, F-59650 Villeneuve d’Ascq, France;2. Institute of Environmental Engineering, Czestochowa University of Technology, Czestochowa, Poland;3. Institute of Zoology, Jagiellonian University, Cracow, Poland |
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Abstract: | The effect of twelve weeks of composting on the mobility and bioavailability of cadmium in six composts containing sewage sludge, wood chips and grass was studied, along with the cadmium immobilization capacity of compost. Two different soils were used and Cd accumulation measured in above-ground oat biomass (Avena sativa L.). Increasing pH appears to be an important cause of the observed decreases in available cadmium through the composting process. A pot experiment was performed with two different amounts of compost (9.6 and 28.8 g per kg of soil) added into Fluvisol with total Cd 0.255 mg kg?1, and contaminated Cambisol with total Cd 6.16 mg kg?1. Decrease of extractable Cd (0.01 mol l?1 CaCl2) was found in both soils after compost application. The higher amount of compost immobilized an exchangeable portion of Cd (0.11 mol l?1 CH3COOH extractable) in contaminated Cambisol unlike in light Fluvisol. The addition of a low amount of compost decreased the content of Cd in associated above-ground oat biomass grown in both soils, while a high amount of compost decreased the Cd content in oats only in the Cambisol. |
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