Environmental assessment of gas management options at the Old Ämmässuo landfill (Finland) by means of LCA-modeling (EASEWASTE) |
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| Authors: | Simone Manfredi Antti Niskanen Thomas H Christensen |
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| Institution: | 1. Department of Environmental Engineering – Technical University of Denmark, DTU-Building 115, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark;2. Department of Energy and Environmental Technology – Lappeenranta University of Technology, Lappeenranta, Finland;1. Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece;2. University of Thessaly, Greece;3. National Technical University of Athens, Greece;1. Department of Pediatrics, Necker-Enfants-Malades Hospital, AP-HP, Université Paris-Descartes, Paris, France;2. Microbiologie-Hygiène Hospitalière, Infection Control Unit, Necker-Enfants-Malades Hospital, AP-HP, Université Paris-Descartes, Paris, France;3. Microbiologie-Hygiène Hospitalière, Necker-Enfants-Malades Hospital, AP-HP, Université Paris-Descartes, Paris, France;1. School of Science, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi''an 710129, China;2. State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, Institute of Remote Sensing Applications, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China;1. Aveny GmbH, Schwandenholzstr. 212, CH-8046 Zürich, Switzerland;2. ETH Zurich, Institute of Environmental Engineering, Schafmattstrasse 6, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland;3. Swiss Post, Communications, Politics and Social Responsibility, Viktoriastrasse 21, P.O. Box, CH-3030 Berne, Switzerland;4. City of Zürich, ERZ Entsorgung + Recycling Zürich, Hagenholzstrasse 110, P.O. Box, CH-8050 Zürich, Switzerland;1. Faculty of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Autonomous University of Baja California, Calzada Universitaria S/N Delegación Mesa de Otay, C.P. 22390 Tijuana, BC, Mexico;2. Institute of Engineering, Autonomous University of Baja California, Blvd. Benito Juárez y Calle de la Normal S/N, Col. Insurgentes Este, C.P. 21280 Mexicali, BC, Mexico |
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| Abstract: | The current landfill gas (LFG) management (based on flaring and utilization for heat generation of the collected gas) and three potential future gas management options (LFG flaring, heat generation and combined heat and power generation) for the Old Ämmässuo landfill (Espoo, Finland) were evaluated by life-cycle assessment modeling. The evaluation accounts for all resource utilization and emissions to the environment related to the gas generation and management for a life-cycle time horizon of 100 yr. The assessment criteria comprise standard impact categories (global warming, photo-chemical ozone formation, stratospheric ozone depletion, acidification and nutrient enrichment) and toxicity-related impact categories (human toxicity via soil, via water and via air, eco-toxicity in soil and in water chronic).The results of the life-cycle impact assessment show that disperse emissions of LFG from the landfill surface determine the highest potential impacts in terms of global warming, stratospheric ozone depletion, and human toxicity via soil. Conversely, the impact potentials estimated for other categories are numerically-negative when the collected LFG is utilized for energy generation, demonstrating that net environmental savings can be obtained. Such savings are proportional to the amount of gas utilized for energy generation and the gas energy recovery efficiency achieved, which thus have to be regarded as key parameters. As a result, the overall best performance is found for the heat generation option – as it has the highest LFG utilization/energy recovery rates – whereas the worst performance is estimated for the LFG flaring option, as no LFG is here utilized for energy generation.Therefore, to reduce the environmental burdens caused by the current gas management strategy, more LFG should be used for energy generation. This inherently requires a superior LFG capture rate that, in addition, would reduce fugitive emissions of LFG from the landfill surface, bringing further environmental benefits. |
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